click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 12-Sex. Repr
sexual reproduction and meiosis
Term | Definition |
---|---|
sexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring |
egg | female sex cell |
sperm | male sex cell |
fertilization | a process where an egg and a sperm cell join together |
zygote | the new cell that forms from fertilization |
diploid cells | cells that have pairs of chromosomes (2 pairs in humans) |
homologous chromosomes | pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order |
haploid cells | cells that have only one chromosome from each pair (like sperm and egg) |
meiosis | a form of cell division that results in egg and sperm cells having half the number of chromosomes; nucleus goes through two divisions (8 steps) |
asexual reproduction | one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization |
fission | cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells |
budding | a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent |
regeneration | a form of asexual reproduction where an offspring grows from a piece of its parent (like sea stars) |
vegetative reproduction | a form of asexual reproduction where offspring grow from a part of a parent plant (like strawberries) |
cloning | a type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory; it produces identical individuals |