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Geraud Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alleles | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait |
| punnett square | a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring |
| hybrid | an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent |
| dominant | describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait |
| recessive | describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| phenotype | outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype |
| homozygous | describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait |
| heterozygous | describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait |
| probability | the mathematical chance that something will happen |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles |
| Gregor Mendel | the father of genetics, first person to study how traits are passed |
| incomplete dominance | production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents |
| multiple alleles | more than 2 alleles that result in many phenotypes |
| polygenic inheritance | occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color |
| cystic fibrosis | genetic disorder that affects the lungs and intestines |
| recessive genetic disorder | genetic disorder that is recessive, need 2 alleles to have disorder |
| human blood types | A, B, AB, O |
| pedigree | a tool to trace a trait through a family, uses circles and squares |
| gender chromosomes | X and Y |
| color blindness | a sex-linked genetic disorder that affects males more, inability to see some colors |
| sex-linked genetic disorder | genetic disorder that travels on X chromosome like color blindness |
| gene therapy | the use of a virus to insert a human gene into someone suffering from a genetic disorder |
| genetic engineering | biological and chemical methods of changing the arrangement of a gene's DNA to improve crop production or produce medicine |
| selective breeding | selecting certain animals or plants to cross to get specific traits in the next generation |
| GMO | genetically modified organism |
| argument against GMO foods | no long term study of the effects on human health |
Created by:
geraud.aaron
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