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Cell Division - MCAS

MCAS Vocabulary Cell Division

QuestionAnswer
cell division division of a parent cell into daughter cells
centriole structure that helps to form the spindle
spindle microtubule structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis
cell cycle cell grows, prepares to divide, then divides to start growth process again; interphase + M phase
telophase last phase of mitosis, chromosome are in two new cells and nuclear membranes start to reform
interphase cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
mitosis division of the nucleus or chromosomes
metaphase phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
prophase first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible and nuclear membrane disappears
cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm (cytosol and organelles)
anaphase phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
cancer uncontrolled cell division
G1 phase stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
S phase stage of interphase in which DNA is replicated
G2 phase stage of interphase in which cell duplicates its cytosol and organelles
gamete sex cell, sperm or egg
meiosis type of cell division that creates gametes; cell divides twice to create four cells that are genetically unique
crossing-over process by which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces, resulting in greater genetic variety
transcription copying the code from DNA onto mRNA
codon three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
translation process by which a ribosome uses the code on mRNA to make proteins
nucleotide building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
chromatin DNA that is coiled around proteins
amino acid building block of a protein
mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
polypeptide synonym for protein; chain of amino acids
replication process in which DNA is copied
rRNA ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
mutation a change or error in the DNA sequence
tRNA transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
Created by: mshunt
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