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Genetics - MCAS

MCAS Vocabulary Genetics

QuestionAnswer
gene section of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait
trait specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
allele form of a gene
dominant trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present
recessive trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene
segregation separation of alleles during meiosis or gamete formation
gamete sex cell; sperm or egg
hybrid offspring of a cross between parents with different traits; heterozygous
true-breeding inherited two identical alleles for a trait; homozygous or purebred
probability likelihood an event will occur
phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Punnett square diagram that shows the possible results of a genetic cross; parents' gametes on top and left, offsprings' genotypes inside
genotype genetic makeup of an organism
homozygous has two identical alleles for a particular trait; true-breeding or purebred, ex. PP or pp
heterozygous has two different alleles for a particular trait; hybrid, ex. Pp
independent assortment principle that genes do not influence each other's inheritance because they are separated independently during meiosis
multiple alleles three or more alleles exist for a particular trait
incomplete dominance creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other
polygenic trait trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes
codominance both genes contribute to the phenotype of the organism, ex. spotted or striped
nondisjunction error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes don't separate; gametes end up with wrong number of chromosomes
sex-linked trait trait related to a gene that is found on the X or Y chromosomes
Created by: mshunt
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