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Human Body - MCAS
MCAS Vocabulary Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| digestive system | body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| pharynx | the throat; last place food and air mix |
| esophagus | muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach |
| stomach | muscular sac that churns food and secretes hydrochloric acid to start breaking down proteins |
| small intestine | organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs the nutrients |
| large intestine | organ that absorbs water from undigested material |
| chemical digestion | the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks |
| mechanical digestion | the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces |
| rectum | the lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored |
| circulatory system | body system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood through the body |
| atria | two upper chambers of the heart pump blood into the ventricles |
| ventricles | two lower, muscular chambers of the heart which pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body |
| artery | thick-walled muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| vein | blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart when pumped by skeletal muscles |
| capillary | tiny, thin-walled blood vessel where substances (gases and nutrients) are exchanged between the blood and the body cells |
| red blood cells | blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream |
| kidneys | organs that filter nitrogen wastes from blood to make urine |
| liver | organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood |
| excretion | elimination of wastes from the body (urine, carbon dioxide, sweat) |
| respiratory system | system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs |
| larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
| trachea | windpipe; airway connecting the pharynx to the bronchi |
| alveoli | thin-walled microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
| spinal cord | cord of nerve tissue that conducts messages between the brain and the peripheral nerves |
| sensory neurons | neurons that carry sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands |
| neuron | nerve cell; conducts electrical signals |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary, striated, multi-nucleate muscle that moves bones |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | type of muscle found in the heart which generates its own electrical signal to contract |
| cartilage | tough, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones and decreases friction |
| ligament | band of connective tissue that holds the bones together |
| tendon | a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| bone marrow | soft tissue found in the center of bone that produces blood cells |
| endocrine system | collection of glands that secrete hormones into the blood which regulate growth, development, and homeostasis |
| hormone | chemical messenger secreted by glands into the blood |
| gland | an organ that secretes hormones into the bloodstream |
| nervous system | consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves and regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli |
| homeostasis | the process by which organisms keep their internal environment relatively stable |
| negative feedback loop | an opposite action to what is occurring in the body to regain homeostasis, ex. if body temperature rises too high, body tries to lower it |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart |
| systemic circulation | circulation of oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body and back to the right side of the heart |
Created by:
mshunt
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