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Lymphatic/immune sys
Week 2 revision on the lymphatic/ immune system 9/03/17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lymphatic system | - Protects us against disease - Lymphatic system cells respond to: - Environmental Pathogens ( e.g bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) - Toxins - Abnormal body cells, such as cancers |
| Functions | - Drainage of interstitial fluid - Transporting dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins (A,D,E an K) - facilitation of the immune response (i.e production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes) |
| Function of the lymphatic system | To produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes |
| What is the function of lymphocytes? | - Detects problems - Travel into site of inquiry or infection |
| Where are lymphocytes found? | - lymphocytes are found - In lymphoid tissues (e.g, tonsils) - Lymphoid organs (e.g, spleen, thymus) - In red bone marrow |
| What are the 3 types of Lymphocytes? | - T cell: Thymus-dependent - B cell: Bone marrow-derived - NK cells: Natural killer cells |
| Lymphocyte Circulation | From blood to interstitial fluid through capillaries returns to venous blood through lymphatic vessels |
| The circulation of fluids | From blood plasma to lymph and back to the nervous system, transports hormones, nutrients, and waste product |
| What is a Lymphatic vessel? | - Are the vessels that carry lymph - Lymphatic systems begins with the smallest vessels - lymphatic capillaries (terminal lymphatics) |
| What is immunity? | The ability to resist infection and disease |
| What tells and tissues are involved in the production of immunity? | All cells and tissues are involved in production of immunity, not just the lymphatic ones |
| What are nonspecific defences? | Block or attack any potential infectious organisms, cannot distinguish one attack from other |
| what are the seven major categories of innate (nonspecific) immunity? | 1. physical barrier 2. Phagocytes 3. Immune surveillance 4. Interferons 5. Complement 6. Inflammatory response 7. Fever |
| What are specific defences? | - Lymphocytes - Part of the immune response - Identify, attack, and develop immunity to a specific pathogen |
| What are the organisations of the lymphatic system? | Lymph - fluid similar to plasma, does not have plasma proteins Lymphatic vessels - Carry lymph from peripheral tissue to the venous system Lymphoid tissues & organs Lymphocytes, phagocytes, and other immune systems cells |
| What are lymphatic capillaries? | Lymphatic capillaries serve to drain and process extra-cellular fluid. |
| Lymphatic capillary structure | Endothelial cells loosely bound together with over lap. This structure helps to let fluid in, but not out. |
| How do lymphatic capillaries work? | The overlap acts as one-way valve - Allows fluid, solute, viruses, and bacteria to enter - Prevents return to intercellular space |
| What is the fluid inside lymphatic capillaries called? | Lymph |
| What are Lacteals? | Are special lymphatic capillaries in small intestine. They transport lipids from digestive tract |
| In what ways to lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries? | 1. Start as pockets rather than dudes 2. Have larger diameters 3. Have thinner walls 4. Flat or irregular outline in sectional view |
| What is the circulation of the lymphatic system? | Blood plasma (from capillaries) —> Interstitial/tissue fluid —> Lymphatic capillary —> Lymph vessels, trunks & ducts —> Blood plasma ( vein at base of neck) |
| What is the structures of lymph vessels? | -Thin walls - Resemble veins; have more valves - Have Lymph nodes at intervals - Respiratory & muscular pumps promote flow of lymph towards large veins/heart |
| What are the 2 types of lymphatic vessels and what is the difference? | 1. Superficial lympahtics 2. The deep lymphatics - Are the larger vessels that accompany deep arteries and veins |
| Where are lymphatic vessels located? | - Skin - Mucous membranes - Serous membranes lining body cavities |
| What are the primary lymphatic organs? | -Red bone marrow - Thymus |
| What are the secondary lymphatic organs? | - Spleen - Lymph nodes - Appendix |
| What are the diffuse lymphatic tissue? | Tonsils, adenoids & Peyer’s patches |
| What is the Thymus Gland? | -Found in the mediastinum above the heart - Large in infancy and atrophies but functional in adulthood - Thymus makes thymosin hormones for development and maturation of T cells - T cells mature here |
| What are lymph nodes? | - Lymph nodes are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule - Each compartment or lobule is made up of a framework of reticular cell (reticulocytes) - Reticular cells phagocytise unwanted substances - B Lymphocytes produce antibodies - Filter Lymph |
| What is a spleen? | - Found left side of abdominal cavity below the diaphragm - Red pulp - removes worn out platelets, RBC and stores platelets - Produces RBC in the foetus - White pulp - immune function removes blood borne pathogens |
| What does MALT stand for? | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues |
| What are tonsils? | - Surround the opening to the respiratory and digestive tracts Five tonsils 2 palatine (either side of the oral cavity), 2 lingual (at the base of the tongue,)1 pharyngeal or adenoid (on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx) - Tonsils filter air |
Created by:
gemma99
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