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micro exam 2
chapters 10,11,12,13(contact)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the most important virulence factor for Corynebacterium diphtheria? | toxin production |
| which bacterial infection needs to be ruled out in a patient with fever and purplish spots on skin? (what are you testing for?) | Neisseria meningitis |
| what is the main reason that sore throats caused by Streptococcus pyogenes need to be treated with antibiotics? | prevent risk of rheumatic fever |
| what is the purpose of the M protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes? | blocks phagocytosis by white blood cells (hides it) |
| culture of sputum grew on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar only. what bacteria is causing this patient's pneumonia? | Legionella pneumophilia |
| what toxin produced by bacteria is the most toxic substance produced naturally? | Botulism toxin |
| name the one bacteria that does not have Peptidoglycan in its cell wall. | Chlamydia psittaci |
| briefly describe the pathology of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus. | ingestion of toxin produced by bacteria |
| how is Salmonellosis usually transmitted? | fecal oral transmission |
| what pathogen causes a characteristic "rice water stool"? | Vibrio cholerae |
| what is the name of the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori |
| name the bacteria that is a common cause of diarrhea with mild symptoms. | Campylobacter jejuni G- comma/s-shaped |
| name the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. | Yersinia pestis |
| what pathogens can cause Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? | coli O157:H7 and species of Shigella |
| what condition should a person planning an adventure travel vacation be concerned about? | Leptospira interrogans |
| what is the clinical name of the rash caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi? | Erythema migrans (bullseye) |
| what is the common name for inhalation anthrax? | Woolsorter's Disease |
| what organism played an important role in history by causing the "black death"? | Yersinia pestis G- bacillus |
| what is the name of the stain used in diagnosing disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | acid fast stain |
| what is the standard treatment for Whooping Cough? | supportive nursing care |
| name the hallmark symptom caused by Salmonella typhi. | fever |
| what is the most significant virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae? | capsule |
| a patient with a nonprodcutive cough has a diffuse pattern on their chest x-ray. what condition do you suspect? | Mycoplasma pneumonia |
| name the bacteria that grows in soft cheese in refrigerator temperatures. | Listeria monocytogenes |
| armadillos and humans are the only hosts for infection caused what microbe? | Mycobacterium leprae |
| what is a differential diagnosis? | contrasting and deciding between several diseases that have the same or similar symptoms |
| what is an exclusion diagnosis? | diagnosis reached by process of elimination |
| what is a diagnosis? | determining the nature and cause of the disease |
| what is a prognosis? | probable course and outcome of the disease |
| what is etiology? | the cause of the patient's illness (bacteria on tick, not tick) |
| what causes strep throat? | Streptococcus pyogenes G+ diplococci (short chains) |
| what is hemolysis? | rupture of red blood cells in blood agar |
| beta hemolysis | clear appearance around colony |
| alpha hemolysis | dark green appearance around colony |
| nonhemolytic | no change in agar around colony |
| what is the purpose of the F protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes? | attachment in the throat |
| what is chemotaxis? | movement toward chemical |
| what does pyrogenic mean? | fever-causing |
| what are possible complications from Streptococcus pyogenes? | scarlet fever rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis |
| what is the number one cause of heart disease in children? | rheumatic fever |
| what does glomerulonephritis affect? | kidneys |
| name two antibiotics that can be used to treat strep throat. | penicillin erythromycin |
| what causes diphtheria? | Corynebacterium diphtheria G+ bacilli |
| what does Corynebacterium diphtheria resemble? | Chinese characters |
| what does Streptococcus pyogenes grow on? | blood agar with CO2 |
| what does Corynebacterium diphtheria grow on? | Loeffler's medium with O2 |
| what are the components of the AB subunits present in Corynebacterium diphtheria? | A: active unit B: binding unit both must be present to do any damage |
| if the diphtheria toxin gets into the bloodstream, what is at risk for damage? | heart kidney brain nerves |
| what is a pseudomembrane? | a false membrane in the throat |
| what causes Whooping Cough? | Bordetella pertussis G- coccobascillus |
| what does Bordetella pertussis grow on? | Bordet-Gengou (potato-glycerol-blood agar) with O2 |
| what is another name for Whooping Cough? | 100 day cough |
| what is the HIB vaccine? | Haemophilus influenzae type B |
| what causes Meningococcal Meningitis? | Neisseria meningitidis G- diplococcus |
| what does Meningococcal Meningitis affect? | respiratory tract blood stream meninges cerebrospinal fluid |
| what is another cause for meningitis? | Haemophilus influenzae G- rod |
| what does Haemophilus influenzae grow on? | chocolate agar |
| what causes TB? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid fast rod |
| what specific stains are needed to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Ziehl-Neelson Acid Fast Stain |
| what does Mycobacterium tuberculosis grow on? | Lowenstein-Jensen medium |
| what is the most widely distributed pathogen in the US that afflict humans? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| what is one cause of acute bacterial pneumonia that is also normal flora of the throat? | Streptococcus pneumonia G+ cocci |
| what causes atypical pneumonia? | Mycoplasma pneumonia tiny simple prokaryotes |
| what is another name for atypical pneumonia? | walking pneumonia |
| what causes Legionnaire's disease? | Legionella pneumophilia G- type rod |
| what does Legionella pneumophilia grow on? | buffered charcoal yeast extract agar |
| what causes Q Fever? | Coxiella burnetii G- parasite |
| what causes Parrot Fever? | Chlamydia psittaci resemble G- |
| how does Chlamydia psittaci grow? | only within another cell |
| what does gaster mean? | stomach |
| what is the structural defense of the digestive system? | epithelial cells covering the surfaces of organs |
| what is the mechanical defense of the digestive system? | chewing and movement of intestine |
| what is the biochemical defense of the digestive system? | acid production in stomach and bile in the small intestine |
| what is the nonspecific interior defense of the digestive system? | inflammatory response of the phagocytic cells |
| when does the specific immune response start? | 5-7 days after the pathogen appears |
| why is there very few bacteria in the upper small intestine? | flushing of small intestine by digestive juices |
| how much of feces is made up of bacteria? | 1/3 |
| what kills 1 in 5 children worldwide? | diarrhea |
| botulism food poisoning | anaerobic G+ rod spores |
| what is the main symptom of botulism food poisoning? | flaccid paralysis |
| what is hypotonia? | decreased muscle tone |
| what is the treatment recommended for foodborne botulism? | antitoxin |
| where is wound botulism most commonly found? | in patients using IV drugs/dirty needles |
| Staphylococcus food poisoning | grow at room temperature produce toxin in food |
| Clostridium perfringens | anaerobic G+ rod non-motile spores |
| what causes typhoid fever/enteric fever? | Salmonella typhi |
| what is the only natural host for Salmonella typhi? | humans |
| how does Salmonella typhi spread? | fecal oral transmission from contaminated water or food |
| what causes Salmonellosis? | bacteria of the genus Salmonella found in small turtles, bearded dragon pets, chickens, and rats |
| what are the two main symptoms of Salmonellosis? | diarrhea abdominal pain |
| what causes Shigellosis/bacterial dysentery? | bacteria of the genus Shigella |
| what is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? | kidney-failure-related death caused by Shiga toxin |
| what is an enterotoxin? | toxin produced in or affecting the intestine |
| where is Shigellosis most commonly found? | in day cares, child and elderly, where subjects where diapers |
| what is needed in order to return to society for Shigellosis patients? | two negative fecal cultures within 48 hours after diarrhea stops |
| what causes Cholera? | Vibrio cholerae |
| what is a pandemic? | multiple epidemics spanning multiple areas |
| what is an epidemic? | widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in one area |
| what is needed for successful oral rehydration in patients suffering from diarrhea? | balanced salt solution (saline) |
| what causes E. coli? | Escherichia coli G- |
| what is Escherichia coli thought to be the cause of? | common traveler's diarrhea turkey trots Montezuma's revenge |
| what strain of E. coli is most featured on the news for causing illness? | O157:H7 |
| what causes gastric ulcers? | Helicobacter pylori G- curved rod motile |
| what causes Listeriosis? | Listeria monocytogenes G+ rod motile facultative |
| where is Listeriosis most commonly found? | cold cuts soft cheeses |
| what does facultative mean? | can grow with or without oxygen |
| what causes anthrax? | Bacillus anthracis G+ bacillus aerobic spores |
| what does enzootic mean? | found in animal population specifically hooved animals |
| what does endemic mean? | always present at the same level |
| what are the three types of anthrax that cause illness to humans? | inhalation intestinal cutaneous |
| inhalation anthrax | endospores are inhaled and travel to lungs causes pneumonia |
| intestinal anthrax | endospores are ingested and germinate in the intestine |
| cutaneous anthrax | endospores land on skin where there is a breech in the barrier |
| what causes tetanus? | Clostridium tetani G+ bacillus anaerobic spores |
| what is another name for Clostridium tetani? | lock jaw |
| what causes gas gangrene? | Clostridium perfingens G+ bacillus anaerobic spores capsule |
| what is a hyperbaric chamber? | increased amounts of oxygen used to kill bacteria |
| what causes leptospirosis? | Leptospira interrogans G- spirochete aerobic |
| what is a zoonosis? | disease of animals that can spread to humans |
| what animal carries Yersinia pestis? | fleas |
| what shape does Yersinia pestis resemble? | safety pin |
| what is the transmission of bubonic plague? | flea to human |
| what is the transmission of pneumonic plague? | human to human |
| what causes tuleremia? | Francisella tularenis G- bacillus aerobic capsule |
| what animal carries Francisella tularenis? | ticks |
| what is another name for Francisella tularenis? | rabbit fever |
| what animal carries Borrelia burgdorferi? | deer tick |
| what causes lyme disease? | Borrelia burgdoferi |
| what causes leprosy? | Mycobacterium leprae acid fast rod |
| what is another name for leprosy? | Hansen's disease |
| how is Mycobacterium leprae spread? | nasal secretions from human to human |
| where does Mycobacterium leprae grow? | footpads and skin of armadillos |
| what causes impetigo? | Staphylococcus aureus G+ cocci |
| what is an abscess? | pus-filled lesion |
| what is a boil? | pus-filled pocket under skin |
| what is a carbuncle? | group of connected abscesses |
| what is MRSA? | multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| what two contact diseases does Staphylococcus aureus cause? | scalded skin syndrome toxic shock syndrome |
Created by:
hannahfrancesford
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