click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Hoffman Bio. S2 #3
Semester 2 - List #3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acids; these bond together to make strands of DNA and RNA |
Protein | Carbon based molecule that does the work in a cell and is created by ribosomes that bond amino acids together |
Base Pairing Rules | Also known as Chargaff's Rules; states that in DNA, Adenine bonds to Thymine and Cytosine bonds with Guanine |
Replication | Process that occurs in the nucleus and creates 2 new strands of DNA |
DNA Polymerase | Enzyme that bonds nucleotide together during Replication |
Central Dogma | Theme of protein synthesis that states information can only flow in one direction; DNA to RNA to Protein |
DNA | Substance which makes up chromosomes as a double helix and carries instructions for which proteins need to be created |
mRNA | Substance which is single stranded and carries information from the nucleus to a ribosome with instructions to make a protein |
tRNA | Substance with is single stranded and brings amino acids to the ribosome to create a protein |
Transcription | Process that occurs in the nucleus and creates strands of RNA |
Translation | Process that occurs at a ribosome and results in the creation of a protein |
Codon | A section of mRNA which consists of 3 nucleotide bases which codes for a specific amino acid |
Amino Acid | Bonded together at a ribosome to make a protein |
Frameshift Mutation | Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide which results in errors in mRNA and a change to the needed protein |
Point Mutation | Substitution of a nucleotide base which results in errors in mRNA and a change to the needed protein |
Mutagens | Substances in the environment which can change DNA in a cell and results in mutations of proteins |