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Genetics
study guide flashcards
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Traits are influenced by genes and environmental factors. explain the difference | genes are more coded into you. environmental factors are like being around a tall person makes you taller. |
What is a carrier? | an organism that carriers you till you are born. |
What are the male and female sex chromosomes? | Male: xy Female: xx |
how does down syndrome occur? | there is an extra chromosome in set #21 |
What is sickle-cell anemia? | where the blood cells are not round and affects oxygen/breathing. |
Describe DNA | its shape is a double helix. the chemicals are adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
What rules must be followed when ATCG bases are paired up? | AT are always together. CG are also always together. |
What is a karyotype? | a photograph of a persons set of chromosomes. |
What is selective breeding? | humans select what traits they want an organism to have. |
What is inbreeding? | Crossing 2 individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles. |
What is cloning? | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which produced. |
What is a genome? | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
What was the purpose of the human genome project? | provide scientists with an encyclopedia of genetic information about humans. |
What is a mutation? | a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene or DNA molecule. |
Describe the types of mutations that can occur. | Cigarette smoke and ultra violet radiation. |
what is a gene? | one set of instructions for an inherited trait. |
What is genetic engineering? | a process where genes from one are transferred into another. |
what is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? | mitosis is the division of body cells and divides once. Meiosis is the division of sex cells and divides twice. |
what is unique about an identical twin's DNA? | They are the exact same DNA or extremely similar. |