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Unit 8 systems
Body systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Brain | The organ that is the main control system of the nervous system |
| Spinal Cord | Column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column |
| Nerves | Send messages from the brain to the body and from the body back to the brain. |
| Neurons | A nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses |
| Electrical Messages | Is the nerve impulse that is given off by the Neurons |
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain - controls voluntary movements and thinking processes |
| Cerebellum | Located at the base of the brain - is responsible for body coordination and balance |
| Brain Stem | Connects the Brain to the spinal cord - controls involuntary activities such as breathing and digestion |
| Skull | Group of bones that surround and protect the brain and brain stem |
| Voluntary | An impulse that a person controls. Example: Kicking, throwing, walking |
| Involuntary | An impulse that a person does not control. Example: Heartbeat, Breathing, Digestion |
| Pancreas | Produces Insulin which regulates the amount of sugar in the blood |
| Pituitary Gland | LOCATED INSIDE THE BRAIN, releases different hormones that regulate body functions |
| Adrenal Glands | LOCATED AT THE TOP OF EACH KIDNEY, releases different hormones that regulate body functions |
| Thyroid Gland | LOCATED IN THE NECK, releases hormones that regulate body functions |
| Right Atrium | receives oxygen-poor blood from the body after it has delivered food and oxygen and picked up waste products |
| Right Ventricle | receives the oxygen poor blood from the right atrium and sends the blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release CO2 |
| Left Atrium | receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle |
| Left Ventricle | contracts and sends oxygen-rich blood to the body |
| Vena Cava | returns blood to the right atrium |
| Esophagus | food moves down this long tube from the mouth to the stomach using contractions called peristalsis |
| stomach | where food is broken down into a paste by gastric juices and churning |
| small intestine | allows the absorption of the digested food into the blood |
| liver | delivers digestive juices to the small intestine |
| large intestine | where useable water and materials are absorbed |
| Skeletal Muscles | voluntary, striped or striated, move bones |
| Cardiac Muscles | involuntary, found only in the heart |
| Smooth Muscles | involuntary, found in digestive organs and blood vessel walls |
| Trachea | transports air from the throat to the lungs, also called the windpipe |
| Epiglottis | small flap that closes when a person swallows, prevents food from entering trachea |
| Alveoli | tiny air sacs in the lungs that are used for exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Diaphragm | muscle located beneath the lungs, which expands and contracts that allows to air to be carried in and out of lungs |
| Kidneys | primary organs of the excretory system, bean shaped organs that are the main blood filters of the body and remove liquid wastes, excess water and bile from the blood |
| Bladder | stores urine until it is released from the body |
| Ureters | long tubes from kidneys to bladder through which urine flows |
Created by:
jgray73
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