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Financial Statements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Balance Sheet | On the left side of the sheet is the firm's assets, and on the right side is the firm's equity and liabilities against the assets. |
| Income Statement | Reports the results of operations over a period of time and shows the earnings per share at the bottom. |
| Statement of Retained Earnings | Shows the change in retained earnings between the balance sheet dates. |
| Operating Cash | Investors should be more interested in the projected cash flows then in reported earnings. |
| Cash Flow Cycle | Way actual net cash flows into or out of a firm during a specific time. |
| Statement of Cash Flows | Reports the impact of operating, investing, and financing activities on cash flows. |
| Value | Depends on the stream of after tax cash flows the firm produces. |
| Income Tax Rates | The higher one's income is, the larger the percentage paid in taxes. |
| Assets | Assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate are defined as capital assets. When an asset is sold for more than its cost, it becomes a capital gain. When money is lost it is capital loss. |
| Operating Income | Operating income paid out as dividends is subject to double taxation: first taxed at the cooperate level, and then shareholders must pay personal taxes. |
| Interest Income | taxed as ordinary income, however 70% of the dividends received from another cooperation are excluded. |
| Cooperate Operating Income | Can be carried back to each of the past three years and carried forward for the next 15 years to offset taxable income in those years. |
| S Cooperations | Small businesses which have limited liability benefits of a cooperate organization yet have the benefits of being taxed only once like a partnership. |