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Root structure

For 330 Root structure

TermDefinition
Apical meristem A region of actively dividing cells a the tips of plant shoots and the roots.
Arbuscular mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae that exchange carbohydrates between plant roots and fungal hyphae via arbuscules; also termed vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae or endomycorrhizae.
Arbuscule Exchange organs between plant and mycorrhizal fungus that occur within plant cells.
Coarse roots Roots having a diameter above a threshold such as 2 mm; also refered to as pioneer or perennial roots.
Cortex Outermost layer of the plant stem or root bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis.
Ectomycorrhizae Mycorrhizal association in some woody plants in which a large part of the fungal tissue is found outside the root.
Endodermis A single layer of cells inside the root cortex of a root that regulates water and nutrient uptak.
Ephemeral roots Roots with relatively short lifespans; also referred to as fine or feeder roots.
Epidermis Layer of cells on the surface of a leaf or root.
Feeder roots Roots that absorb water and nutrients; also referred to as fine or ephemeral roots.
Fine roots Roots having a diameter below a threshold such as 2 mm; also referred to as feeder or ephemeral roots.
Hartig net Hyphae that penetrate cell walls of root cortical cells in ectomycorrhizae.
Heart root Root architecture with shallow, oblique, and sinker roots branching from the stump.
Heterorhizic Having more than one type of root within the root system.
Hyphae Filamentous structures that make up the vegetative body of fungi.
Mantle Fungal hyphae that surround the root in ectomycorrhizae; also termed sheath.
Mycorrhizae Symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungal hyphae, in which the plant acquires nutrients from the fungus in return for carbohydrates.
Perennial roots Roots with relatively long lifespans; also referred to as coarse or pioneer roots.
Pioneer roots Roots that expand the root system horizontally and vertically; also referred to as coarse, or perennial roots.
Plate root Root architecture with only shallow roots branching from the stump.
Rhizosphere Zone of soil that is directly influenced by roots.
Root architecture The spatial configuration of the root system.
Root branch order Numerical designations that indicate where in a root system a certain root segment lies.
Root cap Cells at the tips of roots that produce mucilaginous carbohydrates that lubricate the movement of roots through soil.
Root hairs Elongate epidermal cell of the root that extends out into the soil.
Sinker root Root architecture with vertically growing roots that arising from lateral roots within the drip line.
Specific root length Root length per unit weight
Stele Vascular cylinder of a stem or root containing the xylem and phloem.
Taproot A straight tapering root growing vertically downward and forming the center from which lateral roots arise.
Uptake Absorption of water or mineral by an organism or tissue; synonymous with acquisition.
Created by: mdcoleman
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