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Skin
Chapter 4: Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 layers of the skin? | Epidermis and Dermis |
| Which is the outer, thinner layer? | Epidermis |
| Which is the inner, thicker layer? | Dermis |
| What is the epidermis composed of? | Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| In the epidermis, from deepest to most superficial, the cells pass through the layers in what order? | 1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum |
| Stratum Basale | deepest layer, cell division occurs a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes |
| Stratum Spinosum | 8-10 rows, keratinocytes |
| Stratum Granulosum | 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes, contain granules |
| Stratum Lucidum | 3-4 rows, dead keratinocytes, thick skin only |
| Stratum Corneum | 25-30 rows of dead keratinocytes with keratin, most keratin protein |
| Which stratum has the greatest amount of keratin protein? | Stratum Corneum |
| Keratinocytes | in the epidermis, produce keratin, provides protection |
| Merkel Cells | in the epidermis, function in the sensation of touch along with adjacent tactile (Merkel Discs) |
| Langerhans Cells | in the epidermis, involved with immune responses |
| Melanocytes | in the epidermis, produce the pigment of melanin |
| Which stratum is found in the thick skin but not in the thin skin? | Stratum Lucidum |
| Where does thick skin locate? | palms soles fingertips |
| What are the 2 regions of the dermis? | Superficial papillary region (areolar connective tissue) Deeper Reticular Region (dense irregular tissue) |
| What type of cells in the dermis? | connective tissue, areolar connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers, dermal papillae, corpuscles of touch, free nerve endings, dense irregular connective tissue, adipose cells |
| What are the dermal papillae and what do they contain? | they stimulate hair growth they contain corpuscle of touch and free nerve endings |
| What make the skin to able to stretch and recoil? | elastic fibers |
| 3 pigments that are responsible for skin color? | melanin carotene hemoglobin |
| What cells produce melanin? | melanocytes |
| what causes Albinism? | the defect of tyrosinase |
| What causes cyanosis? | lack of oxygen |
| What are the functions of the integumentary system? | protect the body, retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature, synthesis vitamin d |
| What 2 type of tissues make up the subcutaneous layer? | adipose and areolar connective tissue |
| What is the commonest form of skin cancer? | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
| What type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize? | Melanoma |
| Are skin color and family history considered as risk factors for skin cancer? | yes |
| Melanomas ABCD characteristics rule | A: Asymmetry, 2 sides of the pigmented area don't match B: border is irregular and exhibits indentations C: Color (pigmented area) is black, brown, tan, or red/blue D: Diameter is larger than 6mm (size of pencil eraser) |
| First degree burn | only in epidermis, mild pain, ERYTHEMA, NO BLISTERS, skin functions remain intact |
| Second degree burn | Destroys a portion of the epidermis and possible parts of the dermis, redness, BLISTERS, edema, pain, some functions lost |
| Third degree burn | Destroys a portion of the epidermis, underlying dermis, and associated structures. most functions lost |
| Rule of Nines | head/ neck: 9% anterior & posterior trunk: 18% x2 Upper limb: 9% x2 Lower limb: 18% x2 Perineum: 1% |
Created by:
_melgozacaroo15
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