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Biology Genetics
To help students prepare for genetics test over Punnett squares, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in which excess mucus accumulates in the lungs and digestive system of affected individ. Males and females must inherit 2 alleles with this mutation to have the disease. What is the mode of inheritance? | autosomal recessive |
| Describe phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism |
| Describe genotype | The alleles (letters) that are passed from parents to offspring |
| What are the sources for genetic variation during meiosis? | crossing over, independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes, and random fertilization of gametes |
| The manner in which chromosomes separate into gametes during meiosis is the molecular mechanism behind which of Mendel's laws? | Both the law of independent assortment and the law of segregation. |
| If 2 individuals who are dominant for a gene have a child who shows the recessive trait for a gene, what is the genotype of the parents? | Both parents are heterozygous |
| Describe a dominant trait. | allele that is expressed whenever it is present (1 or 2 copies). |
| Meiosis is divided into how many parts? | 2; Meiosis I and Meiosis II |
| If Tall is dominant to short, and yellow is dominant to green, what is the phenotype of TtYy? | tall with yellow peas |
| What is the genotypic ratio of a homozygous dominant and heterozygous monohybrid cross? | 1:1 |
| What would happen if meiosis did not occur? | chromosome number would double in each generation |
| What occurs during anaphase I of meisosis? | Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles. Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres, unlike anaphase in mitosis |
| What occurs during metaphase I of meiosis? | Paired homologous chromosomes line up along the cell's equator |
| What is the sequence of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What is the genotypic ratio of a heterozygous x heterozygous monohybrid cross? | 1:2:1 |
| If you are told that blue eyes is recessive, how would you write a homozygous recessive trait? | tt (2 little letters) |
| Describe homozygous | •two of the same alleles for a particular gene |
| Describe heterozygous | two different alleles for a particular gene |
| If you cross 2 individuals who are heterozygous (Bb) what genotypes will you get? | BB, Bb, and bb |
| Describe anaphase II. | sister chromatids separate and move to opposites poles of the cell. |
| What does "true breeding mean" | genetically pure lines |
| Describe telophase II. | the nuclear membranes form again around the chromosomes, the spindle fibers break apart, and the cell undergoes cytokinesis. |
| Describe Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment. | allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation. When you are dealing with 2 or more traits, then this |
| An individual with the genotype AaBb is crossed with genotype AaBb. What is the percent chance their offspring will have genotype AaBb? | 25% |
| What would be the predicted phenotypes of the children from the union of a woman who is heterozygous for hemophilia (autosomal recessive gene) and a man who is homozygous dominant (normal)? | 2 normal and 2 carriers |
Created by:
cknox2
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