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Biology Ch. 9.2
Term | Definition |
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Genotype | The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
Phenotype | An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment |
Homozygous | Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
Probability | The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
Monohybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
Punnett Square | A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
Genotypic Ratio | The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
Phenotypic Ratio | The ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
Testcross | The crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
Complete Dominance | A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another |
Incomplete Dominance | A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
Codominance | A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
Dihybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
Heterozygous | Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |