Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 9
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| heredity | the passing of genetics traits from parents to offspring |
| trait | a genetically determined variant of a characteristic. |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the tip of the female reproductive structure of a flower in angiosperms or to the ovule in gymnosperm. |
| self-pollination | the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant |
| cross-pollination | a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| true-breeding | describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait. |
| P generation | parental generation, the first two individual that mate in a genetic cross. |
| F1 generation | the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms |
| F2 generation | the second generation of offspring obtaining from an experimental cross of two organisms the offspring of the F1 generation. |
| dominant | describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair homologous chromosomes. |
| recessive | describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristics are inherited. |
| law of segregation | Mende's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosomes from each pair is preset in each gamete. |
| law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis. |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure od nucleic acid and the function and regulation of genes. |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits. |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment |
| homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes. |
| heterozygous | describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves the pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnett square | a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| genotypic ratio | the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| phenotypic ratio | the ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
| testcross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| complete dominance | a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another |
| incomplete dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully. |
| codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
Created by:
FarlowA20
Popular Biology sets