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AICE Biology
gas exchange
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pleural Membrane | fluid lubricated sacs around the lung |
| Diaphragm | lungs are ventilated by the movement of it. It is a flat muscle and separates cavity from guts |
| Trachea | wind pipe going down the throat |
| Bronchi | two tubes that lead to lungs from trachea |
| Alveoli | end of line where air goes. Thin epithelial lining (one cell) and surround by many capillaries(carrying deoxygnated blood) from bronchioles. Contain elastic fibers which stretch and recoil (never relax). |
| Bronchioles | smaller branches of bronchi which go to lungs. Surrounded by smooth muscle which can CONTRACT or RELAX to adjust the diameter of airways. |
| Goblet Cells | creates mucus, located in ciliated epithelium. |
| Mucin | creates mucus, composed of glycoprotein with carbohydrate chains that have from sticky and able to trap particles. |
| Ciliated Cells | BTW goblet cells and continually beat upwards to dispel mucus |
| Macrophages | Phagocytic WBCs, patrol the surface of the airways and scavenge bacteria and fine dust particles |
| Residual volume | amount of air still in lungs after a forceful exhalation, 1 dm^3 |
| Tidal volume | normal inhalation and exhalation, .5 dm^3 |
| Expiratory reserve volume | what is left after normal breathing, 2.5 dm^3 |
| Inspiratory reserve volume | max. inhalation |
| Vital capicity | max inhalation and exhalation. different for men, women, and athletes |
| Ventilation rate | tidal volume x breathing rate = dm^3min^-1 |
| Stroke volume | volume of blood pumped out from each ventricle during each contraction. |
| Cardiac output | total volume pumped out per minute. How much blood heart can pump in a minute. |
| Systolic | pressure at which blood levels left ventricle into the aorta. |
| Diastolic | Pressure when the ventricle is resting. There will always be pressure, value reflects the resistance of small arteries and capillaries in blood flow. |
| sphygmomanometer | give blood pressure varies in mm Hg. |
| Hypertension | when systolic and diastolic pressure are high even at rest. This damages arteries since they harden which makes the heart pump harder. The links to this is excessive alcohol intake, smoking, obesity, genetic factors, and too much salt in diet. |
| Thoracic cavity | chest, lungs are located there along with the heart. |
| What shape is the cartilage in the trachea | C- shaped |
| inhalation in diaphragm | contracts so it moves down and rib cage expands |
| exhalation in diaphragm | relaxes so it moves up and rib cage smaller |
| pathway of gas exhange | Trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles (bronchial tree) -> alveoli |
Created by:
jcore
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