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Bonus 1st Sem Vocab
Vocabulary for bonus on exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prokaryote | a type of cell that does NOT contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; Bacteria are an example |
| eukaryote | a type of cell that contains a NUCLEUS and other membrane-bound organelles; plants, animals, protists, fungi |
| autotroph/producer | organism that can make its own food through photosynthesis |
| respiratory | a body system that exchanges gases in the body; BREATHING |
| circulatory | the body system that transports materials throughout the body via the blood |
| endocrine | body system that has glands that secrete HORMONES for regulation in the body |
| enzyme | a protein that INCREASES THE SPEED/RATE of a chemical reaction, specific, lowers activation energy, reusable |
| amino acids | the building block of proteins |
| nucleic acids | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (CHONP) that stores genetic information, DNA & RNA |
| carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen that is the MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY (glucose) and provide structure (cellulose) |
| lipid | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen used for LONG TERM energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane, fats, oils, and waxes |
| cell membrane | a barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and exits to maintain HOMEOSTASIS |
| chloroplast | an organelle that does PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
| ribosome | an organelle where PROTEINS are assembled in the cell |
| mitochondria | an organelle where cellular respiration occurs to make ENERGY |
| hypotonic | a higher concentration of water outside the cell, causing water to go into the cell making it SWELL |
| osmosis | diffusion of WATER |
| active transport | the movement of materials against the gradient that requires ENERGY (LOW TO HIGH); protein pump, endo/exocytosis |
| diffusion/passive transport | movement of materials down the gradient from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration using NO ENERGY |
| hypertonic | a lower concentration of water outside the cell, causing water to leave the cell making it SHRINK |
| genetic material (DNA/RNA) | a molecule that a virus and a cell have in common |
| stomata | OPENING in a leaf that allows gas exchange and water loss (transpiration) |
| xylem | vascular tissue in plants that transports WATER upward |
| phototropism | a plant's response to light |
| phloem | vascular tissue that transport SUGARS downward |
| oxygen | the gas produced by the process of photosynthesis |
| phototropism | a plant's response to light |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female "sticky" stigma, usually carried out by bees, birds, wind, etc. |
| glucose and oxygen | the reactants of cellular respiration |
| immune | provides defense and protection from disease-causing pathogens. White blood cells and T cells are part of the system. |
| integumentary | guards against infection and injury and regulates the body temperature. skin, hair, and nails |
| stigma | the sticky part of the pistil where the pollen grains land |
| stamen | the male part of the flower where pollen is made in the anther |
| protein | made of amino acids, build muscles, speed up reactions (enzymes), fight disease |
| virus | non-living, contains a nucleic acids, needs a host cell to reproduce, can causes disease |
| photosynthesis | solar energy(sunlight) is converted into chemical energy (glucose) |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids; contains a phosphate, sugar, and base (A, T, G, C, U) |
| hydrogen bonds | found between two nitrogen bases in DNA that holds the base pairs together |
| DNA backbone | composed of phosphate and sugars found on the sides of the DNA ladder |
| Base Pair Rules | A-T, G-C for DNA |
| DNA replication | to make a copy of DNA, occurs in the S Phase of the cell cycle |
| interphase | the longest part of the cell cycle where the cell is growing and preparing to divide, includes G1, S, and G2 |
| somatic cell | body cell |
| S phase | DNA replication occurs to ensure that two daughter cells have identical copies of DNA |
| mitosis | division of the nucleus; PMAT are the four stages; makes 2 identical diploid copies of the cell; occurs in somatic cells |
| cancer | uncontrolled, rapid cell growth |
| tumor | a large mass of cells |
Created by:
JMHSBIO
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