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SLS Bio11 GeneticsCW

SLS Bio11 Genetics CW

TermDefinition
Allele one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Autosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Codominance A form of dominance in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.
Dihybrid a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes.
Dominant Allele An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele
Genotype the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive
Homozygous pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait
Monohybrid a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene.
Multiple Allele any one of a series of three or more alternative or allelic forms of a gene, only two of which can exist in any normal, diploid individual.
Phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Punnet Square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Recessive Allele an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
Sex Chromosome a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
Sex-linked trait A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent
Test cross a genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
Apoptosis the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.
Cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
Centriole a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centromere the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
Chromatin the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
Chromosome a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Crossing-over the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Cytokinesis the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Diploid Chromosome Number 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Gamete a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Haploid Chromosome number 23 chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location.
Meiosis a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Nondisjunction the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.
Somatic Cell any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Synapsis the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.
Created by: colinwong
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