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Term | Definition |
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DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the trait that a living thing inherits and needs to live |
Chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
cell cycle | the life of a cell |
interphase | the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division |
mitosis | in eukaryotic cells a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
homologous | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells |
heredity | the passing of genetic material from parent to offspring |
gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait |
allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color |
genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
phenotype | an organism appearance or other detectable characteristics |
dominant | in genetics describes an allele that is fully expressed whenever the allele is present in an indivual |
recessive | describes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait |
incomplete dominance | a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygus individual is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the two homozygus parents |
codominance | a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a combination of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents |
punett square | a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the events |
ratio | a comparison of two numbers using division |
pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurance of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |