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Unit Heredity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live |
| Chromosomes | a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| Cell Cycle | The life cycle of a cell |
| Interphase | The period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division. |
| Mitosis | In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| meiosis | A process of cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that share traits from both parents |
| Fertilization | The union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote |
| Heredity | The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring |
| Gene | One set of instructions for an inherited trait |
| Allele | One of the alternate forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| Genotype | The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| Phenotype | An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic |
| Dominant | In genetics, describes an allele that is fully expressed whenever the allele is present in an individual |
| Recessive | Describes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait |
| Incomplete Dominanace | A condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents |
| Codominance | A condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a combination of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents |
| Punnett square | A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| Ratio | A comparison of two numbers using division |
| Probability | The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event |
| Pedigree | A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
Created by:
tythran
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