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Age of Reason
The Age of Reason-The English Civil War, The Englightenment,& the Scientific Rev
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Divine right | The idea that monarchs received their authority from God, and ruled their dominions in " his " name. |
| Absolute ruler | Rule by one person â a monarch, usually a king or a queen â whose actions are restricted neither by written law nor by custom |
| Louis XIV (the Sun King) | France's absolute ruler, he revoked the Edict of Nantes forcing all French to be Catholic, instituted heavy taxes. |
| Peter I (the Great) | Russia's absolute ruler, forced Russia to westernize, made Russian nobles shave their beards, made a capital in his name. |
| Versailles Palace | the capital od france that was built by louis XIII |
| English Civil War | War that broke out bc of King Charles who passed Parliament and wanted Parliament gone. |
| Roundheads | The army the Parliament created |
| Cavaliers | The army King Charles created |
| King Charles I | Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649 |
| King Charles II | Charles II was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death. |
| King James II | James II was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland. |
| William & Mary | the English Parliament formally offered William and Mary the throne as joint monarchs, an event known as the 'Glorious Revolution'. William III of Orange was now William III of England and Ireland, and William II of Scotland. |
| Constitutional or limited monarchy | When the Bill of Rights was signed it gave Parliament greater power than the monarch |
| Period of the " restoration of the Monarchy " | The time when they tried to bring back a better monarch. |
| Oliver Cromwell | Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland. |
| The Commonwealth | The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 onwards when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. |
| The Glorious Revolution | The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution. |
| The Scientific Revolution | The scientific revolution the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. |
| Thomas Hobbes | he wrote the leviathan, he believed, in the " state of nature " |
| John Locke | Believe people are capable of governing themselves even in the state of nature in which they enjoy complete freedom. wrote two treatises on government. |
| Montesquieu | wrote the spirit of law. He thought the best way to end absolute of them was to create a separation of powers within the government |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | the social contract. Government is a contract for you we enter into between rulers and the people both sides must fulfill their obligation's to another |
| Voltaire | religious tolerance should Triumph over religious fanaticism. separation of church & state |
| Leviathan | Leviathan is a huge fish referenced in the Tanakh, or the Old Testament. |
| Two Treatises on Government | john locke argued in his influential Two Treatises on Civil Government that people form governments through a social contract to preserve their inalienable natural rights to âlife, liberty, & property " |
| In the Spirit of Laws | The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748 with the help of Claudine Guérin de Tencin |
| The Social Contract | an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | came up w/ heliocentric theory. he stated that the sun was the center of the solar system & not the earth |
| Johannes Kepler | publish the ideas of the planetary motion is in the form of an elliptical orbits around the sun |
| Galileo Galilei | use the telescope to confirm heliocentric theory, but was forced to recant his theory when faced with prosecution by the core of inquisition |
| Sir Isaac Newton | formulated laws of gravity which help to explain Kepler'stheory of planetary motion as orbits depend on the gravitational force exerted by the mass of an object like the sun & a planet |
| William Harvey | discovered blood circulation throughout the body in a closed system |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | was prominent Baroque composer |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | was a prominent classical composer |
| Eugene Delacroix | was a painter who contributed to romanticism, an artistic movement focused on the beauty of nature & exposing human emotion |
| Romanticism | a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. |
| Miguel de Cervantes | help develop a new form of literature, the novel, w/ his famous work don quixote |
| New Model Army | The New Model Army of England was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration |
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