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#1 Cell Reproduction
Cell Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are prokaryotes | Bacteria |
| What are Eukaryotes | plants and animals |
| how do prokaryotes reproduce | asexually by binary fission |
| explain the process of a prokaryotes asexual reproduction (3 steps) | 1. cells increase their mass 2. DNA and cell components replicate 3. Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells |
| How do Eukaryotes reproduce | asexually and sexually |
| Explain the process of a Eukaryote's asexual reproduction | cell division; the type of cell division provides new cells for growth and repair |
| what is the cell cycle for eukaryotes | A cell grows and prepares for division, it divides the nucleus in two, and it divides the cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells |
| What are chromosomes | condensed forms of chromatid |
| What is a chromatid | a threadlike structure of nucleic acid and protein |
| What is the first stage of the cell cycle and explain the first step | Interphase; cell growth and DNA replication |
| What is the second step of the cell cycle and explain the step | Mitosis; Division of the nucleus |
| What is the third step of the cell cycle and explain the step | Cytokinesis; Division of the cell cytoplasm |
| What are the three phases of Interphase | Growth phase (G1), Synthesis Phase (S), and Growth Phase (G2) |
| What happens in the Growth phase (G1) | the cell increases in size and the cell prepares to copy its DNA |
| What happens in the Synthesis Phase (S) | chromatin is copied, the cell now has 2 sets of DNA, and it is synthesizing a copy of the DNA |
| What happens in the second growth stage (G2) | the cell duplicates organelles, it produces needed proteins and lipids, and it "stock piles" so each new cell will have what it needs |
| What are the three main checkpoints and when does it occur | Cell Growth Checkpoint (end of G1 phase), Synthesis Checkpoint(during S phase), Mitosis Checkpoint (during mitosis) |
| What happens in mitosis | cell growth and protein production stop |
| What are the four stages of mitosis | 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telephase |
| What happens at the first stage | chromatin coils tightly and becomes visable as chromosomes. The nuclear membrane disloids, the nucleolus disappears, centrioles migrate to poles, and spindle fibers begin to form |
| What happens at the second stage | spindle fibers form centrioles attached to each chromosome. The cell prepares to separate its chromosomes and the cell align its chromosomes in the middle of the cell |
| What happens at the third stage | Cell chromosomes are separated and the spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes are pulled to ends of cells |
| What happens at the fourth stage | the separation of sister chromatids are complete. Cell plate forms (plants). Cleavage furrows form (animals). Nucleus and Nucleolus reform, 2 new nuclei form with new nuclear membrane, and chromosomes uncoil and appear as chromatid |
| What is cytokinesis | Cytoplasm is completely divided into 2 complete and indivisual cell are smaller than the original. It forms 2 new identical daughter cells |
| What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis | It results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells |
| Describe a prokaryote | It lacks a nucleus, have similar circular chromosomes and reproduce asexually |
| Describe a Eukayote | It has a nucleus and are membrane bound organelles |
Created by:
bryleehart
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