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Mitosis
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
| What is a chromosome? | How we hold DNA |
| What is chromatin? | One long DNA molecule & prodiens that help maintain the chromosome structure & control the activid of its genes. |
| What is a chromatid? | DNA condensed (In this form when cell is dividing) |
| What do we call two identical chromatids that are connected? | Sister chromatid |
| What is the place where the chromatids are connected called? | Centromere |
| What is the process called that bacteria use to divide? | Binary fission |
| How is a bacteria chromosome different from that of a human? | A bacteria chromosome is circular DNA and is one strand, but a human has 46 chromosomes |
| Give three reasons that cells divide. | Growth, Repair, Replace |
| What stage of the cell cycle does the stay in most of the time? | Interphase (G1) |
| What stage of the cell cycle is the cell growing? | Interphase (G1 & G2) |
| What happens in the G1 phase? | Growth & matures in cytoplasm |
| What happens in the S phase? | Duplication of chromosomes |
| What happens in the G2 phase? | Growth, Prepares to divide, Centrosomes are built. |
| Describe what the G0 phase is. | Non-dividing cell |
| Give two examples of cells that remain in interphase and do not enter into mitosis, | Brain cells, Red blood cells, Heart cells |
| What stage of the cycle is the nucleus splitting? | Mitosis |
| What do we call the original cell that eventually divides? | Parent cell |
| What do we call the two cells after the division has occurred? | Daughter Cells |
| What stage of the cell cycle is the cell splitting? | Cytokinesis |
| What are the stages of mitosis in order? | Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| What happens in prophase? | Spindle microtubules reach chromosomes, nuclear envelope dissapears |
| What happens in prometaphase? | Microtubules begin to emerge, chromosomes coil & become compact. |
| What happens in metaphase? | Chromosomes align at the cell equator. |
| What happens in anaphase? | Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres |
| What happens in telophase? | Nuclear envelope forms, Chromatin uncoils, Spinal disappears |
| What is cytokinesis? | Division of cell |
| How is cytokinesis different in plant and animal cells? | Animal cells completely split in half by a cleavage furrow & plant cells build a wall (Cell Plate) between each cell. |
| What stage of the cell cycle is the longest? | Interphase (G1) |
| What stage of the cell cycle is the shortest? | Cytokinesis |
| What stage of the mitosis is the longest? | Prophase |
| What stage of the mitosis is the shortest? | Anaphase |
| What does the mitotic spindle do? | Attach to kinetochore & pull chromosomes apart. |
| What is the role of a centrosome? | Organize microtubule arrangement & contain a pair of centrioles in animal cells. |
| Give three major contributing factors that control division. | Growth factors, Anchorage, Density Dependence (Space around the Cell) |
| What is the G1 checkpoint checking for? | G1 checkpoint checks if surroundings are favorable for dividing. if cell is large enough & healthy enough for dividing, and if any damage has occurred in DNA. |
| What is the G2 checkpoint checking for? | G2 checkpoint checks for the DNA properly replicated without damage, and if the cells are large enough for division. |
| When does the M checkpoint occur? | In metaphase |
| What does the M checkpoint check for? | M checkpoint checks that each centromere is attached to a spindle fiber and that chromosomes are aligned properly at the cell equator. |
| What do we call it when a cell loses control of the cell cycle? | Tumor |
| What is the difference between a tumor and cancer? | Tumor- An abnormally growing mass of cells Cancer- Cells spread to other tissues grow rapidly without being inhibited by other cells |
| What does benign mean? | Cells remain that the original site (Tumor) |
| What does malignant mean? | Spread to other locations |
| What is metastasis? | When malignant tumors spread. |
| Give three ways to treat cancers. | Remove surgically, treat with concentrated beam of high energy radiation, chemotherapy. |
| What are the three main types of cancer and how do they differ? | Carcinomas- external or internal body coverings Sarcomas- supportive & connective tissue Leukemias & Lymphomas- blood forming tissues |
| What is a kinetochore? | Where spindle attaches to chromosome. |
| At what phase does the nuclear envelope disappear? | Prometaphase |
| At what phase does the nuclear envelope reappear? | Telophase |
| At what phase do chromosomes begin to condense? | Prophase |
| At what stage do the sister chromatids get pulled apart? | Anaphase |
| At what stage do the sister chromatid pairs line up at the cell equator? | Metaphase |
Created by:
Elise.Postma
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