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Muench - Food

Muench - From molecules to organisms

TermDefinition
protein essential for normal cell structure and function; nutrient found in food (as meat, milk, eggs, and beans) made of amino acids
carbohydrate compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced by green plants in photosynthesis; sugars and starch
fat complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerol; backup fuel source; needed for growth and energy and to create hormones and other substances
Calorie a measurement of amount of energy in food. 1 Calorie raises temperature of 1 KG of water 1 degree Celsius.
cellular respiration a chemical process in which cells extract energy from food; happens within mitochondria.
nutrient a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life
complex carbohydrates complex combinations of simple sugars: consist of three or more sugars. starches & fiber
food any substance that people or animals eat or drink, or that plants absorb, in order to maintain life and growth
calories/gram about 4 calories/gram in proteins and carbohydrates; 9 calories/gram in fats
vitamins & minerals compounds and elements required by advanced animals in small amounts on a regular basis; do not provide calories
simple carbohydrates simple sugars; molecules easily broken up for quick energy; (examples - glucose, fructose, galactose or lactose, sucrose, maltose.)
mitochondrion the organelle in cells that converts glucose into energy
amino acids the molecules that make proteins. These are broken down and are used to build new proteins.
enzymes chemicals produced by the body that break down food
photosynthesis the process done in chloroplasts in plant cells of making sugar from carbon dioxide and water, using energy from light; also releases oxygen
Created by: kmuench
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