the totality of an organism’s chemical reaction

begins with a specific molecule, altered through a series of steps each with a different enzyme to catalyze the reaction, end result is a new product

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones

absorbs free energy, positive delta G, anabolic pathway

release of free energy, negative delta G, spontaneous, catabolic pathway

kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

energy that matter possesses because of its position or structure

the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

First law of thermodynamics-

energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Second law of thermodynamics-

every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

a measure of disorder or randomness

the portions of a systems energy that can perform work

Gravitational motion-

objects move spontaneously from a higher altitude to a lower one

molecules in a drop of dye diffuse until they are randomly dispersed

the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

energy released by breakdown reactions in the cell is used to phosphorylate ADP, regenerating ATP. Chemical potential energy stored in ATP drives cellular work.

macromolecule that acts as a catalyst

a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

initial investment of energy required to start a reaction

Enzyme-substrate complex-

When the enzyme binds to its substrate

the restricted region of the enzyme the substrate binds to

Competitive inhibition-

blocks substrate from entering competitive site

Noncompetitive inhibition-

alters the shape of the enzyme so the substrate doesn’t fit and cannot bind

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BIO 120 Chapter 8

Metabolism

Term	Definition
Metabolism-	the totality of an organism’s chemical reaction
Metabolic pathway-	begins with a specific molecule, altered through a series of steps each with a different enzyme to catalyze the reaction, end result is a new product
Anabolic pathway-	consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
Catabolic pathway-	Breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones
Endergonic-	absorbs free energy, positive delta G, anabolic pathway
Exergonic-	release of free energy, negative delta G, spontaneous, catabolic pathway
Spontaneous-	energetically favorable
Kinetic energy-	energy of motion
Thermal energy-	kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
Heat-	thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
Potential energy-	energy that matter possesses because of its position or structure
Chemical energy-	the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Energy-	the capacity to cause change
Thermodynamics-	the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
First law of thermodynamics-	energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics-	every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Entropy-	a measure of disorder or randomness
Free energy change-	the portions of a systems energy that can perform work
Gravitational motion-	objects move spontaneously from a higher altitude to a lower one
Diffusion-	molecules in a drop of dye diffuse until they are randomly dispersed
Energy coupling-	the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP-	adenosine triphosphate, energy
ATP cycle-	energy released by breakdown reactions in the cell is used to phosphorylate ADP, regenerating ATP. Chemical potential energy stored in ATP drives cellular work.
Enzyme-	macromolecule that acts as a catalyst
Catalyst-	a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Activation energy-	initial investment of energy required to start a reaction
Substrate-	the reactant an enzyme acts on
Enzyme-substrate complex-	When the enzyme binds to its substrate
Active site-	the restricted region of the enzyme the substrate binds to
Competitive inhibition-	blocks substrate from entering competitive site
Noncompetitive inhibition-	alters the shape of the enzyme so the substrate doesn’t fit and cannot bind

Created by: mr_spangler

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