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difusion and osmisis
quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| water always moves from where there is _____ water to where there is ____ water | more, less |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that does not require energy. Spreads molecules out evenly |
| what are the general functions of the cell membrane | it acts as a physical barrier, regulates exchange, gives structural support, and communication and cell ID |
| physical barrier | separating the inside of the cells from the outside of the cell |
| regulates exchange | with environment either by allowing materials to slip through or to be transported across by protein channels |
| structural support | structural proteins in the membrane are tethered to the cytoskeleton creating a shape for cells |
| communication and cell ID | signals from external environment are transferred to the inside across the cell membrane and carbohydrate chains attached to the outside of the cell membrane to identify the cells self (blood typing) |
| concentration gradient | a difference in concentration in one place of particle compared to another |
| semi-permeable (selectively- permeable) | allows it to regulate what can actually enter and leave a cell. Allows certain molecules and rejects others |
| polar heads (phosphate heads) | are hydrophilic- water loving |
| nonpolar tails | are hydrophobic - water fearing |
| what determines which molecules can and cannot pass through the cell membrane | the size of the molecule - smaller passes, polarity or fat solubility of the molecule - nonpolar pass easily, and charge of molecules- neutral |
| what are some molecules that pass through easily | o2 co2 n2 because they are small, glycerol and ethanol because they are uncharged |
| what are some molecules that cannot pass through easily | glucose, amino acids because they are large H+, Na+ and CI- because they have a charge |
| what are glycolipids and glycoproteins used for | they are used for cell recognition and cell communication |
| cholesterol in the membrane | for membrane fluidity and not all of it is bad |
| what are proteins channels used for | structural support, recognition, communication, and transport |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across the cell membrane (selectively permeable) water moves from high to low concentration |
| equilibrium | the solute concentration is equal everywhere in the solution |
| Isotonic solution | solute concentration inside and out of the cell is equal so there is no net movement of water |
| Hypotonic solution | the solute concentration outside the cell is lower that inside the cell so water will move inside the cell and the cell will expand/swell |
| Hypertonic solution | the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell so the water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink/shrivel |
| cytolysis | when a cell bursts due to the excess water in the cell, the cell dies a hypertonic environment |
| plasmolysis | when the cell shrivels due to all the water going out of the cell in a hypertonic environment |
| types of passive transport | simple diffusion , facilitated diffusion , osmosis |
| what molecules pass through using facilitated diffusion | glucose ions and larger molecules |
| endocytosis | movement of materials INTO the cell and the two ways are phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
| phagocytosis | larger bulky material into cell |
| pinocytosis | liquid into cell |
| active transport | movement of molecules from low to high concentration which is against the concentration gradient REQUIRES ENERGY |
| types of active transport | sodium/potassium pump in nerve cells, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| exocytosis | moving materials (waste) out of the cell |
| what kind of environment do plants plasmolyze | in a hypertonic environment |
| cells swells when they contain _____ solute than their environment | more |
| list the pathway of air into the human respiratory system | trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
| trachea | windpipe |
| bronchi | branch from trachea |
| bronchioles | tiny airways that lead to avoli |
| gas exchange between avoli | happens from high to low |
| surfactant in alveoli | chemical that prevents alveoli from closing |
| hemoglobin | large protein that binds oxygen and travels on red blood cells |
| how do you kidneys help your body maintain homeostasis | help take out waste and regulates blood pressure |
| what is a nephron | the functional units of the kidneys where urine is produced |
| filtration | removal of materials from blood into the nephron |
| reabsorption | to be absorbed back into the blood |
| secretion | any waste left in the blood goes into the nephron for elimination |
| what are the functions of a nephron | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| what is urine made up of | substance that have undergone filtration but were not reabsorbed, and substance that have undergone secretion |
| chambers of the heart | left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle |
| top chambers | atrium |
| bottom chambers | ventricles |
| arties | branch into capillaries and carry oxygen rich blood |
| veins | carry oxygen poor blood |
| capillaries | blood vessels are designed for gas exchange |
| describe blood flow through the heart starting with the SVC | to right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, let atrium, left ventricle, aorta, IVC, start again |
| what side is oxygen poor | right |
| what side is oxygen rich | left |
| which vessels deliver oxygen poor blood from the body | IVC, SVC |
| where does oxygen rich blood come from and which vessels deliver it there | it comes from the lungs specifically the pulmonary vein |
| systole | contracting |
| diastole | relaxing |
| cardiac conduction system | electrical activity of your heart |
| pacemaker | signals the nodal tissue throughout heart so there is a beating rhythm, in right atrium |
| what does an EKG measure | the electrical activity of of the heart |
| what conditions cause plants to open their stomata | when guard cells become turgid (full of water) they bulge outward causing the stomata to open |
| what conditions will cause plants to close their stomata | when guard cells are no longer turgid so they are not bowing outwards and the stomata close |
| xylem | transports water and minerals |
| phloem | transports sugars |
| tension-cohesion theory | explains xylem transport |
| arrhythmias | abnormal EKGs |
| alveoli | microscopic cavites filled with lots of capillaries, provide alot of surface area |
| cohesion | tendency of water to stick together |
| adhesion | bonds to other charged moleculse |
Created by:
emassmann
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