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Biology Chapter 10.4
Question | Answer |
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. |
Transcription | The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template. |
Translation | The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. |
Protein Synthesis | The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA. |
Ribose | A five-carbon sugar present in RNA. |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein. |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | An organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function. |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation. |
RNA Polymerase | An enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template. |
Promoter | A nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene. |
Termination Signal | A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of the gene. |
Genetic Code | The rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
Codon | In DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal. |
Anticodon | A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA. |
Genome | The complete genetic material contained in an individual. |