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Chapter 17
Cell Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Describe structure and function of intermediate filaments | They are mid-sized fibers woven into thick cables used for permanent structure, anchor organelles, resisting tension and make up nuclear lamina |
| Describe the structure and function of microtubules | They are the largest of the cytoskeleton composed of alpha and beta filaments that coil to form a hollow rod. They support cell shape, resist compression, movement of the cell, organelles and chromosomes |
| Motor Proteins | Used for intracellular transport; two families: kinesins (move out from the cell body towards the + end of microtubules and dyneins (move toward the cell body to the - end |
| Define cytoskeleton | An intricate network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm |
| Actin filaments | Polymers of the protein actin that are essential in cell movements especially those of the cell surface |
| myosin | A type of motor protein that uses ATP to drive movements along actin filaments. |
| Myosin I | Simplest, present in all cells, a single actin - binding head and tail that can attach to molecules or organelles |
| Lamellipodia | A thin, sheetlike, dense mesh work of actin filaments oriented so the + ends are close to the plasma membrane |
| Rho protein family | A family of small monomeric GTPases that control the organization of the actin cytoskeleton |
| 1st step in muscle contraction | Action potential travels toward a skeletal muscle to a point called the neuromuscular junction |
| 2nd step in muscle contraction | At the junction acetylcholine is released |
| 3rd step in muscle contraction | Acetylcholine binds to the receptor causing Na+ to enter the muscle fiber, generating an action potential |
| 4th step in muscle contraction | Action potential travels through the T- tumbles releasing Ca+ into the cytoplasm |
| 5th step in muscle contraction | Ca+ activates actin-myosin binding sites for the actin and myosin heads |
| 6th step in muscle contraction | ATP is hydrolyzed for flexing the myosin heads |
| 7th step in muscle contraction | The flexing of the myosin heads brings the actin closer to the middle of the sarcomere |
| 8th step in muscle contraction | ATP is used to pump Ca+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for relaxation to occur |
Created by:
Earleyn
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