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Bio Exam II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolic reactions in living systems would | require energy or build up organic molecules. |
| 2) A baseball flying through the air is an example of _________________ energy, while ATP hydrolysis provides _____________ energy in cells. | kinetic.........chemical |
| A chemical reaction that releases energy is correctly described as | exergonic |
| The cleavage of ATP | involves hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate bond. ,C) provides usable cellular energy.D) energizes proteins by phosphorylation |
| How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction? | by lowering the energy of activation of a reaction |
| 6) Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? | E) Noncompetitive inhibitors interfere with enzymatic activity by blocking the active site. |
| 7) ____________ is when the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step. | E) feedback inhibition. |
| 8) In the graph above, which letter represents the activation energy? | A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e |
| 9) Which of the following statements concerning the breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water is (are) true? | A) The breakdown of glucose is exergonic.,B) the first phase is called glycolysis. |
| 10) All of the following statements about NADH/NAD+ are true except: | NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. |
| 11) All of the following statements about glycolysis are true except: | E) The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O. |
| Put the following events of cellular respiration of glucose in the correct order: 1.Formation of FADH2 2.Production of proton gradient 3.ETC 4.Production of Pyruvate 5.Activation of ATP synthase 6.Conversion to Acetyl CoA | 4,6,1,3,2,5 |
| 13) The Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecules that then transfer energy to the electron transport system? | A) FADH2 and NADH |
| 14) The products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the Citric acid cycle as | acetyl CoA |
| The primary role of oxygen in respiration is to | act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. |
| Which best describes an organism in which the consumption of sugar decreases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, and the organism eventually dies without oxygen. | A) It is an aerobic organism. |
| 17) Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials | A) are called photoautotrophs. |
| 18) Which of the following products of the light reactions are utilized in the Calvin cycle? | E) ATP and NADPH |
| All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except: carbon dioxide combines with RuBP.oxygen is produced.light is absorbed and funneled to a reaction-center chlorophyll. | NADP+ is converted to NADPH.ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP, carbon dioxide combines with RuBP |
| 20) Which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem II is false? | E) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is converted to NADP+. |
| 21) In a plant cell, where can ATP synthase be found? | thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane |
| 23) In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to | E) build sugar from CO2 |
| 24) In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 and CAM plants similar? | Both plants use organic acids in the first step of carbon fixation. |
| 25) The centromere is a region in which | E) chromatids are attached to one another. |
| 26) A cell containing 38 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, after telophase, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes each? | A) 19 |
| 27) All of the following occur during mitosis except: the condensing of chromosomes. the formation of a spindle. the uncoupling of chromatids.the disappearance of the nucleolus.the synthesis of DNA. | the synthesis of DNA |
| 28) During which phase(s) of mitosis do we find chromosomes composed of two chromatids? | C) from G2 of interphase through metaphase |
| 29) Kinetochore microtubules are attached to condensed chromosomes, while nonkinetochore microtubules are not. | A) True |
| 30) The checkpoint at which cells “decide” whether to keep dividing or go into a nondividing state occurs | D) in G1 phase, before S phase begins |
| 31) The formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells, and formation of a cell plate in plant cells, is an indication that the process of ____________ is occurring. | C) cytokinesis |
| 33) Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome? | A) a sperm cell |
| 34) Which of these statements is false? | B) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. |
| zygote- sporophyte-spore-___________-gametes- fertilization -zygote | C) gametophyte |
| 36) At the end of telophase I of meiosis, two haploid cells are formed. | A) True |
| 37) Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? | B) Homologous chromosomes are separated |
| 38) The picture at left represents which stage of meiosis? | D) metaphase II |
| 39) Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and crossing over? | C) chiasmata |
| 40) Sexual reproduction, alternation of generations, and asexual reproduction produce genetic variation in offspring. | B) False |
| 41) Which of the following does NOT generate additional genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms? crossing over in meiosis,independent assortment in meiosis, random mating, production of recombinant chromosomes | E) all of the above produce variability |
| 42) Which of the following occur during embryonic development? morphogenesis, cell differentiation, cell division | all of the above |
| 43) The process of cellular differentiation is a direct result of | D) differential gene expression. |
| 44) The ability of a transplanted nucleus to support development is related to the age of the donor cell (e.g. older nuclei do not support development as well). | A) True |
| 45) A cell that has some, but not all, developmental possibilities (i.e. it can make some cell types but not all of them) is said to be | A) multipotent |
| 46) The cloning of "Dolly" was considered a major scientific breakthrough because | D) it showed that a nucleus from a differentiated adult mammal cell can be totipotent. |
| 47) Homeobox genes | C) code for specific structures along the anterior-posterior axis |
| 48) Programmed cell death during development is also called | D) apoptosis |
| 49) Which of the following is NOT a good characteristic for model organisms used to study developmental biology. | B) long life cycles |
| 50) Stem cells : can be harvested from embryonic or adult tissues,are capable of many mitotic divisions, are undifferentiated, give rise to specialized cell types when given specific signals | all the above |
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