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Photosynthesis
Exam 4 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In most food chains, what is the ultimate source of energy? | sunlight |
| What is a photoautroph and what types of organisms are photoautrophs? | photoautrophs= organisms that produce energy by photosynthesis. Types of photoautroph organisms: cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. |
| What is "photosynthesis"? | a process that uses sunlight to synthesize foods form CO2 and water |
| What is "electromagnetic radiation"? | a form of energy that travels through space in waves |
| What is a "photon"? | a "packet of energy" (elementary particle of electromagnetic radiation) |
| What determines the amount of energy in a photon? | the wavelength |
| What kinds of electromagnetic radiation are there? | gamma rays, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves |
| How are they different in terms of wavelengths and energy? | big waves=less energy (more red) small waves= more energy (more violet) |
| What specific kind of electromagnetic radiation do plants absorb and use for photosynthesis? | infrared radiation |
| Photosynthesis pigments: | chlorophyll=primary pigments carotenoids=secondary pigments |
| What colors of light do the chlorophyll pigments reflect as a color? | green |
| What colors of light do the carotenoid pigments reflect as a color? | yellow and orange |
| What colors of light do the pigments absorb for photosynthesis? | violet, blue, and red |
| What are stomata? | small openings on the bottom side of leaves that open and close to allow CO2 in and O2 out of leaf |
| Where is the stomata found? | leaves of plants |
| What is the stomata function in a plant? | transport gases and evaporates water out of leaves |
| What organelles performs photosynthesis? | chloroplasts |
| Thylakoids within chloroplasts: What are they? | a network of flattened membranes (look like coins) |
| What happens to water in the thylakoid? | water splits and provides an electron to the electron transport chain |
| What enzyme is involved in thylakoid? | water-splitting enzyme |
| What roles do the electron transport system and ATP synthase play in the thylakoid? | the transport system pumps H+ ions into thylakoid and ATP synthase is a H+ ion channel that lets H+ flow through it |
| How are the energized electrons, H+ ions and oxygen produced in the light-dependent reactions? | water is split |
| What happens to the energized electrons, H+ ions, ATP, and oxygen that are produced in the light-dependent reactions? | electrons=transfer energy from sunlight to covalent bonds; H+ ions=breakdown of water; ATP=provide energy for covalent bonds; Oxygen=help make glucose |
| For what purpose is carbon dioxide (CO2) used in the Calvin Cycle? | to supply carbon and oxgen to glucose |
| Where does the CO2 come form in the Calvin Cycle? | air supplies |
| For what purpose are H+ ions, ATP, and high energy electrons from the light-dependent reactions used in the Calvin Cycle? | to make glucose |
| What does the Calvin Cycle produce | glucose |
| What happens to the glucose that is made during the Calvin Cycle? | glucose is broken down by plants to produce ATP energy for plant cells |
| What are other molecules that can be make out of glucose? | sucrose or starch |
| How are these other chemicals used by the plant cell? | Sap moves sugar to different parts of plant; Starch is stored in seeds and in tubers; Sugar cane contains a lot of stored sucrose; Sucrose in the nectar of flower attracts pollinators |
| What is the summary formula for photosynthesis? | Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| What is the ultimate source of energy for most organisms on this planet? | the sun |
Created by:
BrittBrat11
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