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Biology Chapter 8.1
Biology Chapter 8.1 Terms and Definitions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
histone | A TYPE OF PROTEIN MOLECULE FOUND IN THE CHROMOSOMES OF EUKARYOTIC |
chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during osmosis |
centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during meiosis and mitosis |
chromatin | the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands, that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur |
sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis. |
karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size. |
diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |