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cellular respiration
chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aerobic | with oxygen |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| NAD | an electron carrier that converts to NADH |
| FAD | an electron carrier that converts to FADH2 |
| Cellular Respiration | a way for cells to make energy when oxygen is present, and is the transformation of the chemical energy in food into energy for cells |
| Fermentation | a way for cells to make energy when oxygen is not present, results in less energy |
| Equation for Cellular Respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP( energy) |
| Decomposition Reaction | taking a larger molecule and making it into smaller molecules |
| Decomposition | a pathway that provides the energy cells need to function occurs with or without oxygen |
| Breathing | CR uses O2 to help harvest energy from glucose and produces CO2 in the processes which is then exhaled |
| Where is Glycolysis preformed | the cytoplasm |
| Where is the Kreb's Cycle preformed | the matrix of the mitochondria |
| Where is the Electron Transport System/Chain preformed | the cristae of the mitochondria |
| how many ATP come from one glucose molecule in CR | 38 |
| what goes into Glycolysis | 2 ATP, glucose |
| what is formed in Glycolysis | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP 2 NADH |
| what goes out of Glycolysis and where does it go | 2 pyruvate into the krebs cycle , 2 NADH to the ETC |
| Pyruvates (Pyruvic Acid) | are always converted into Acetyl coenzyme A |
| What fuels CR | glucose and oxygen |
| How many ATP come from Fermentation | 2 |
| Pre Kreb's Cycle | where pyruvates change to acetyl COA |
| what goes into the Kreb's Cycle | acetyl COA |
| what is formed in the Kreb's Cycle | 2 ATP, 2 FADH², 6 NADH, CO2 |
| what goes out of the Kreb's Cycle and where does it go | 2 FADH² into the ETC, 6 NADH into the ETC, 2 ATP |
| what goes out of the Pre Kreb's Cycle and where does it go | CO2 into the atmosphere, 2 NADH into the ETC |
| what goes into the ETC | O2, 2 FADH², 10 NADH |
| how many ATP form from one NADH | 3 |
| haw many ATP form one FADH² | 2 |
| what goes out of the ETC | H2O, 34 ATP |
| how many ATP come from all 3 stages | 38 |
| where is Fermentation preformed | the cytoplasm like glycolysis |
| what is oxygen's role in CR | oxygen determines if respiration occurs aerobically or anaerobically, also how many atp are produced bc it could be 38 or 2 |
| where is most ATP made | ETC |
| what are other sources of sugar besides glucose that can help make ATP | carbs, fats, proteins |
| Biosynthesis | grabs electron carriers from glycolysis and krebs cycle and are used as building blocks for other molecules your body needs consists of many metabolic pathways, |
| actin | thin filaments |
| myosin | thick filaments |
| what are filaments | threadlike object or fiber |
| when does the contraction of a muscle occur | when actin filament smove over the myosin filaments |
| what is ATP's role in muscle contraction | it is used to release myosin head from actin and to rest the myosin head in position to start the cycle over again |
| slow twitch fibers | aerobic, more endurance, high resistance to fatigue, helpful in long distance running, swimming, biking etc. are dark and have many mitochondria |
| fast twitch fibers | strength, quick fatigue, weight lifting, springing, are light and have few mitochondria |
| where does mitochondrial disease cause the most damage | brain, heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, endocrine system, respiratory system. |
| heat | CR releases some energy as this which helps keep our internal temp constant, some plants produce enough that they release an odor |
| exergonic | energy exits |
| alcoholic fermentation | pyruvic acid break down, uses yeast which can ferment w or w/o O2, converts pryvaute to CO2 and ethanol wihle oxidizing NADH to NAD+ |
| lactic acid fermentation | produces lactic acid, co2 and 2 atp happens because there is no 02 supply after glycosis happens in muscles |
| what are the products of alcoholic fermentation | ethanol co2 NAD+ 2ATP |
| hydrolysis of ATP | add a molecule of water to break a bond |
| dehydration of ATP | loose a water molecule to make a bond between ADP and P |
| CR production of heat | releases energy as heat and helps keep our internal temps constant |
| how is pyruvic acid made | from broken down glucose |
| how is photosynthesis different from cellular respiration | the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis and vise versa |
| oxygen's role in cellular respiration | O2 determines if respiration occurs arobically or aneribically |
| carbon dioxide role in cellular respiration | product of prekrebs and krebs cycle and is released into the atmosphere for use |
| importance of prekrebs cycle | changes 2 pyruvate into 2 acytl CoA which then produces all the electron cariers to later produce the majority of the ATP |
| what is the electron acceptor in cellular respiration | oxygen |
Created by:
emassmann
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