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Biology Chap.8.1-8.3
Basic terms for Honors Biology, Grade 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins | Chromosome |
| Proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosomes and aid in packing DNA, and is wrapped in DNA | Histone |
| One o the two identical halves that make up a chromosome, and form as the DNA copies itself before cell division | Chromatid |
| The point where two chromatids are attached | Centromere |
| The less tightly packed DNA-protein complex | Chromatin |
| Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and that may carry genes for other characteristics | Sex Chromosome |
| All of the other chromosomes in an organism that are not sex chromosomes | Autosome |
| The two copies of each autosome, which are the same size and shape and carry the same genes for that trait | Homologous chromosome |
| The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species | Karyotype |
| Cells that have two sets of chromosomes, and have two autosomes for each homologous pair | |
| Sperm cells and egg cells are these cells, which contain only one set of chromosomes | Diploid |
| The division of prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells | Haploid |
| A process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell | Binary Fission |
| The production of offspring from one parent | Mitosis |
| Occurs during the formation of gametes, and reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells | Asexual Reproduction |
| Haploid reproductive cells involved with meiosis | Meiosis |
| The time between cell divisions, and divided into three other phases | Gamete |
| e | e |
| a | Cytokinesis |
| The second phase of mitosis | Prophase |
| b | Spindle Fiber |
| c | Metaphase |
| d | Anaphase |
| e | Telophase |
| f | Cell Plate |
| g | Synapsis |
| h | Tetrad |
| i | Crossing-over |
| j | Genetic Recombination |
| k | Independent Assortment |
| l | Spermatogenesis |
| m | Oogenesis |
| n | Polar body |
| The reproduction with two parents | Sexual Reproduction |