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Chapter 8.1
Chapter 8.1 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
chromatid | one of the two strands of chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
centromere | the region of the chromosomes that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
chromatin | a portion of the cell nucleus made up of DNA and proteins; it is the carrier of the genes in inheritance |
sex chromosome | one pair of chromosome that determine the sex of an individual |
autosome | any chromosomes that is not a sex chromosome |
homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
karyotype | an array of the chromosome found in an individual's cell at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |