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Biology Chapter 8.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
| chromatid | one of the 2 strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the 2 sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| chromatin | the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes ; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur |
| sex chromosomes | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
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