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Biology Chapter 8.1

TermDefinition
chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
histone a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
chromatid one of the 2 strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
centromere the region of the chromosome that holds the 2 sister chromatids together during mitosis
chromatin the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes ; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur
sex chromosomes one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
autosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
homologous chromosome chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
karyotype a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
diploid a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
haploid describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
Created by: faithcayia
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