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8.1 Terms
Term | Definition |
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chromosomes | one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosome of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
chromatin | the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes |
sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same structure and genetic sequence, as well as pair together during meiosis |
karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in the cell during metaphase |
diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |