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Chromosomes
8.1 Terms
Term | Definition |
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chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
centromere | an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis |
chromatin | a portion of the cell nucleus made up of DNA and proteins; it is the carrier of the genes in inheritance |
sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
karyotype | an array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |