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Chromosomes

8.1 Terms

TermDefinition
chromosome in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
histone a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
chromatid one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
centromere an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis
chromatin a portion of the cell nucleus made up of DNA and proteins; it is the carrier of the genes in inheritance
sex chromosome one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
autosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
homologous chromosome chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
karyotype an array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
diploid a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
haploid describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
Created by: mitschj20
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