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genetics bio 10
chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| true - breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation (Tt to T and t) |
| Punnet Square | diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| codominance | situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
| multiple alleles | three or more alleles of the same gene |
| polygenic traits | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| heredity | the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Law of Dominance | Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive dominant are CAPITAL letters recessive are lower case letters |
| autosomal | |
| recessive trait | |
| dominant trait |