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Ch. 5 Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregor Mendel | Known as the "Father of Genetics" |
| heredity | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| dominant trait | Even if only one of these alleles is present, this trait will always show in the organism |
| recessive trait | This trait only appears if both alleles of this trait are present |
| gene | A set of instructions for an inherited trait |
| allele | One of the alternative forms of a gene that determines a characteristic, such as hair color |
| phenotype | The physical trait that you can see |
| genotype | The combination of your alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous/hybrid | When the combination of alleles are different such as Tt or Pp |
| homozygous/purebred | When the combination of alleles are the same such as TT, tt, PP, or pp |
| probability | The likelihood or chance that an event will occur. |
| self-pollinating plants | Plants that have both male and female reproductive structures, are also known as "true-breeding" |
| cross-pollination plants | When pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another plant. |
| The ratio that Gregor Mendel found in the second generation of his experiments when he crossed two hybrid plants together. | 3:1 ratio |
| Punnett Square | Used to organize all of the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents. |
| selective breeding | When humans use naturally occurring genetic patterns to pass desired traits on to generations of plants and animals. |
| inbreeding | When we selectively breed in a family line of an organism for a specific trait. This reduces the number of genetic differences. |
| hybridization | When breeders or scientists cross different organisms in hopes of producing offspring with the best traits of each organism. |
| genetic engineering | When scientists remove a bit of genetic material from one organism and insert it into anotherr |
| cloning | When scientists use genetic information from a single cell of an organism to produce another organism with the same genetic information (makes an exact copy) |
| sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that carry genes that determine if an organism's sex is going to be male or female. |
| incomplete dominance | When the phenotypes of two alleles blend together such as the red snapdragon and the white snapdragon making a pink snapdragon. |
| codominance | When an organism has two different alleles of a gene and shows both phenotypes at the same time such as with tabby cats. |
| polygenic | When inherited traits are defined by more than one gene. |
Created by:
figueroad
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