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Honors Bio H.W #3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A nucleotide that is essential to cellular respiration. |
| Amino Acid | Contains a carbon bond with four functional groups. One example of an amino acid is glycine |
| Carbohydrate | The molecules composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Cellulose | Makes up the cell wall |
| Chitin | A polysaccharide in which glucose subunits bear a nitrogen-containing group |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction when two molecules are joined by a |
| covalent bond and h2o is withdrawn from the end result. | |
| Denatured | To disrupt the second protein sequence while not touching anything else. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The genetic code found in the nucleus of a cell that |
| tells all the secrets of life for the organism it is for. | |
| Disaccharide | When two monosaccharides are linked |
| Disulfide Bridge | The bonds between sulfur and other cysteines. |
| Enzyme | Proteins that guide almost all the chemical reactions inside of the cells |
| Fat | Lipids that are formed by glycerol |
| Fatty Acid | Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxylic acid group at one end. |
| Functional Group | Groups of atoms that determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecules. |
| Glucose | Sugar |
| Glycerol | A three carbon molecule that is used to form fats |
| Glycogen | An energy storage molecule that is most often used in animals. |
| Helix | A spiral shape. |
| Hydrolysis | When something is broken apart by water. |
| Inorganic | Something that does not contain carbon. One example of an inorganic compound is water. |
| Lactose | A form of sugar that is often found in milk or dairy products. Contains Glucose and galactose. |
| Lipid | A fat or fatty substance. Some examples of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes. |
| Maltose | glucose plus glucose. |
| Monomer | individual subunits ( Greek: one part) |
| Monosaccharide | carbohydrates that are consist of just one sugar molecule ( Greek for “single sugar”). |
| Nucleic acid | long chains of similar subunit called nucleotides. |
| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group, have three structures |
| Oil | formed by dehydration synthesis from three fatty acid subunits and one molecule of glycerol. |
| Organic | molecules that have a carbon skeleton and contain some hydrogen atoms. |
| Peptide | a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain. |
| Peptide bond | a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water. |
| Phospholipid | similar to oil, except one of the three fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group with a short, polar functional group attached to the end. |
| Pleated sheet | polypeptide chains that repeatedly fold back upon themselves, with hydrogen bonds holding adjacent segments of the polypeptide together. |
| Polymer | long chains of monomers. |
| Polysaccharide | a polymer of many monosaccharides. |
| Primary structure | sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. |
| Protein | molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids. |
| Quaternary structure | individual polypeptides that sometimes linked together, forming a fourth level of protein organization. |
| Ribonucleic acid ( RNA) | copied from the DNA in the nucleus of each cell that are formed by chains of ribose nucleotides. |
| Saturated | contained the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms |
| Secondary structure | interaction of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor residues of the repeating peptide unit. |
| Starch | a polysaccharide. |
| Steroid | synthesized from cholesterol, that have a similar, nonpolar molecule structure ( compare the carbon rings). |
| Sucrose | glucose plus fructose , used as an energy storage molecule in sugarcane and sugar beets. |
| Sugar | composed of two monosaccharides. |
| Tertiary Structure | three-dimensional structures that determine that final configuration of the polypeptide. |
| Triglyceride | chemical name given to fat and other in the same structure. |
| Unsaturated | double bonds between some carbons and consequently fewer hydrogens, the fatty acids are said to be _______. |
| Wax | chemically similar to fats, but not as a food source. |
Created by:
maddieereynolds
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