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Digestive System
Digestive System Quiz (29.1-29.3)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alimentary canal | The digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. |
| Saliva | A liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion. |
| Bolus | The chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal. |
| Pharynx | The upper portion of the throat; Also the junction of the alimentary canal and the trachea. |
| Esophagus | The muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Peristalsis | A series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal. |
| Stomach | The elastic, muscular sac where some chemical and some mechanical digestion takes place. |
| Chyme | A liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine. |
| Small intestine | The long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs. |
| Liver | The largest organ in the body. It performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea. |
| Gall bladder | The organ that stores the bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine. |
| Pancreas | The gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine. It also makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood. |
| Villus (plural: villi) | The fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients. |
| Large intestine | The portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body. |
| Feces | The undigested food material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus. |
| Nutrition | The process of how your body obtains raw materials from food. |
| Digestion | The process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. |
| Absorption | The stage of digestion wherein certain cells absorb small molecules such as glucose sugar, water, vitamins, and minerals. |
| Elimination | The stage of digestion wherein undigested material passes out of the body |
| Mechanical digestion | The process of breaking food down into smaller pieces by chewing, grinding, and mashing the food. |
| Chemical digestion | The process of digestion wherein chemical bonds within larger food molecules are broken into smaller, different molecules that can be absorbed in the intestines. |
| Essential nutrients | Materials that must be ingested (eaten) because your cells cannot construct them from other molecules. Nutrients that you need! |
| What are the six types of nutrients found in food? | carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water |
| What are the four stages of food processing? | ingestion->digestion->absorption->elimination |
| Polysaccharide | Starch molecule made of many saccharide (sugar) molecules |
| Monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule, like glucose or fructose |
| Kinetic energy | The energy of motion |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from a region in which they are higher in concentration to regions of lower concentration. |
| Concentration gradient | The process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of a substance through a semipermeable membrane from a more dilute solution (less concentrated) to a more concentrated solution. |
| Semipermeable membrane | A barrier that permits the passage of some substances but not others. |
Created by:
Shelly Sinclair
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