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Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is ______ proportional to its wavelength. | inversely |
| ______ is the distance between successive troughs and crests. | Wavelength |
| All of the following types of electromagnetic radiation have wavelengths longer than that of visible light with the exception of | ultraviolet radiation |
| All of the following types of electromagnetic radiation have wavelengths shorter than that of visible light with the exception of | radio waves |
| Violet has the ______ wavelength in the visible electromagnetic spectrum. | shortest |
| Ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, and X-rays have frequencies ______that of visible light and infrared radiation. | higher than |
| Solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface consists of | All of the above. |
| ______ is (are) partially blocked by ozone in the stratosphere. | Ultraviolet radiation |
| According to Wien's displacement law, which one of the following objects emits its most intense electromagnetic energy at the shortest wavelength? | the Sun |
| Generally, as the temperature of a radiating surface decreases, | the wavelength at which radiation from the surface is most intense will lengthen. |
| If the temperature of the Sun were to ______, the wavelength at which solar radiation is most intense would decrease. | increase |
| Solar radiation | is most intense at a shorter wavelength than terrestrial infrared radiation. |
| The ultimate source of solar radiation is | nuclear fusion in the Sun. |
| Today, the solar altitude is at a maximum around | noon |
| Earth is closest to the Sun during the | Northern Hemisphere winter. |
| Earth is closest to the Sun in | January |
| During summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the number of hours of daylight is ______ the number of hours of darkness. | greater than |
| During winter in the ______ Hemisphere, the number of hours of daylight is less then the number of hours of darkness. | Southern |
| Exactly one-half of the surface area of the Earth is in sunlight during | any day of the year. |
| On the first day of summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the noon Sun has an altitude of 90 degrees where? | Tropic of Capricorn |
| Except right at the poles, nights are everywhere about 12 hours long when? | equinoxes |
| At the equinoxes, the noon Sun has an altitude of 90 degrees at the | equator |
| The period of daylight at any point along the equator | is essentially the same throughout the year. |
| Earth's solar constant | is actually variable. |
| As solar radiation travels through the atmosphere, a portion of that radiation is | All of the above are correct. |
| Through absorption, solar radiation is | converted to heat energy |
| The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone shield is the | stratosphere |
| The principal threat to the ozone shield is (are) | chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). |
| A thinner ozone shield would likely mean | All of the above are correct. |
| Formation and dissociation of ozone in Earth's atmosphere is related to the | Both of the above are correct. |
| Which one of the following surfaces has the lowest albedo for visible solar radiation? | black asphalt |
| Which one of the following surfaces has the highest albedo for visible solar radiation? | fresh snow |
| Which one of the following surfaces absorbs the highest percentage of incident solar radiation at noon? | the ocean |
| The average albedo of the ocean is | less than 10 percent. |
| On a clear day, the albedo of the sea surface is lowest | at noon |
| The Moon's planetary albedo is __________ the albedo of the Earth. | less than |
| The surface of Earth is absorbing solar radiation. If more solar radiation is absorbed than emitted, then the temperature of Earth's surface will | rise |
| The principal absorber(s) of the solar radiation that is intercepted by the Earth-atmosphere system is (are) | ocean water |
| Earth's planetary albedo is about ______ percent. | 31 |
| Earth's surface and atmosphere emit primarily what type of electromagnetic radiation? | infrared |
| The greenhouse effect is primarily the consequence of atmospheric | water vapor |
| At night, air temperatures near Earth's surface tend to be lowest when the sky is | clear |
| Clouds, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane strongly ______ infrared radiation. | absorb |
| The chief reason for the upward trend in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the mid-1800s is (are) | burning of fossil fuels |
| A gas that absorbs within the so-called atmospheric windows: | Both of the above contribute. |
| A doubling of the absolute temperature of the Sun's surface would cause the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth to be | sixteen times the amount it now receives. |
| Compared to the rest of the 20th century, the global mean annual temperature during the decade of the 1990s was relatively | high |
| An infrared radiometer flown onboard a weather satellite is used to measure | cloud surface temperatures. |
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Holo_Wise_Wolf
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