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Evol & Classificatio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Galapagos Islands | Darwin conducted much of his research on what islands? |
| Natural Selection | The process by which organisms with traits well-suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than less well-adapted organisms in the same environment. |
| Genetic variation within a species | Natural Selection can not occur without.... |
| Adaptation | Anything that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction. |
| Natural Selection | According to Darwin, evolution occurs by.... |
| Reproduce at a greater rate than those less suited to the same environment. | Organisms well suited to their environment reproduce at a greater or lower rate than those less suited to the same environment??? |
| Gradualism | What is the hypothesis that evolution occurs at a slow, constant rate? |
| Punctuated equilibrium | What is the hypothesis that evolution occurs at an irregular rate through geologic time? |
| The Fossil Record Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Similarities and differences between DNA and protein sequences. | What evidence to we have of evolution? |
| A common ancestor | Homologous structures shared by organisms suggest that they had a what? |
| Because natural resources are limited. | Why do all organisms face a constant struggle for existence? |
| A common ancestor. | The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. Darwin suggested that the finches all had a what? |
| The availability of food. | Beak shape in the finches is affected by what? |
| Evolve | In order to fit into their habitat, the Galapagos finches had to what? |
| Divergence | The accumulation of differences between species or populations are called what? |
| Binomial Nomenclature | Linnaeus's two-word system for naming organisms is called..... |
| Taxonomy | The science of naming and classifying organ isms is known as.... |
| two Latin words | What must all scientific names have? |
| Biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages. | An advantage of our scientific naming system is that.... |
| Domain | The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is..... |
| Cladogram | A model used by evolutionary biologists to represent evolutionary history among species using derived characteristics is called a.... |
| Fossil | Preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism. |
| Paleontologist | Scientist who studies fossils. Use fossils to infer what past life forms were like and what the environment they lived in was like. |
| Miller and Urey | Conducted and experiment to create organic material by creating a simulation of Earth's early atmosphere. |
| Adaptive Radiation | Process in which a single species has evolved into a variety of organisms. |
| Convergent Evolution | When unrelated organisms resemble one another because they face similar environmental demands. |
| Coevolution | When two species evolve in response to changes in one another. |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | Long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change. |
| Developmental Genes | Most organisms have the same "master control" genes (hox genes). Mutations to these genes will cause changes in body plan. |
| Homologous Structures | Structures that are similar because they were present in a common ancestor. |
| Vestigial Structures | Structures with reduced size or function but was useful in an ancestor. |
| Physical Behavioral Physiological | Adaptations can be..... |
| Population | Organisms that interbreed (same species, same place, same time). |
| Gene Pool | All the genetic info (alleles) in a population. |
| Relative frequency | #of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur. |
| Directional Stabilizing Disruptive | Types of Natural Selection |
| Formation of new species | Speciation |
| Behavioral isolation Geographic isolation Temporal isolation | 3 ways populations become reproductively isolated. |
| Phylogenetic Tree | This type of diagram shows relatedness. The closer the branches, the more related the organisms are. |
| Cladogram | Used to show evolutionary relatedness through shared characteristics. |
| Dichotomous Key | A written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism. |
| Directional Selection | Type of selection in which one extreme is favored. The "average" will shift. |
| Stabilizing Selection | Type of selection in which the 'average' survives the best. This reduces variation. |
| Disruptive Selection | Type of selection in which both extremes are favored. The average individual is NOT favored. Can split a population into 2 species. |
| Gene pool | The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population. |
Created by:
jphokie05
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