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Ecology Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Herbivore | a consumer that only eats plants (deer) |
| Carnivore | a consumer that only eats meat (wolves) |
| Producer | makes their own food (plants) |
| Omnivore | a consumer that eats both plants and animals (bears) |
| Consumer | an organism that needs to find their food |
| Heterotroph | a consumer; must find their own food (humans) |
| Autotroph | a producer; makes their own food (plants) |
| Biotic | living things (plants, animals, fungi) |
| Abiotic | non-living things; things that have NEVER been alive (water, oxygen, sun, rocks, dirt, carbon dioxide) |
| Ecology | the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment |
| Environment | the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates |
| Ecosystem | all the living and non-living things in an environment, including their interactions with each other |
| Population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area |
| Community | a group of interdependent organisms living in the same area and interacting with each other |
| Biosphere | all parts of Earth's ecosystems that interact and influence one another (e.g., producers, herbivores, carnivores, & omnivores) |
| Competition | the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources |
| Habitat | where an organism lives |
| Limiting Factors | environmental factors that restrict population growth |
| Predator | an organism that hunts other organisms for food |
| Prey | organism that is killed and eaten by another organism |
| Carrying Capacity | the largest population that an area can support |
| Niche | an organism's particular role in an ecosystem |
| Food Chain | series of transfers of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism |
| Decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| Scavenger | a organism that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms |
| Parasite | an organism that lives in or on another organism |
| Host | an organism on which a parasite lives |
| Food Web | a diagram that shows the interconnected feeding relationships within an ecosystem |
| Energy Pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web |
| Biodiversity | the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem |
| Ecological Succession | series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance |
| Symbiosis | relationship in which two species live closely together |
| Mutualism | a relationship between two organisms in which both species benefit |
| Commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Parasitism | one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| Renewable Resources | Supplies that can be replenished as fast as they are used |
| Non-Renewable Resources | Supplies that can NOT be replenished as fast as they are used |
| Pollution | Contamination of the environments |
| Water Cycle | Processes by which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land |
| Direct Harvesting | Destruction/removal of a species from their natural environment |
| Deforestation | Clearing or removal of a forest |
| Fossil Fuels | Natural fuel such as coal or gas |
| Global Warming | A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere |
| Trade-Off | A balance achieved between two desirable but incompatible features; a compromise. |
| Invasive Species | Organism that is not native to an ecosystem and causes harm. |
Created by:
migliorej
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