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Chapter 9 microbio
MicroBiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of inheritance of heredity that explores | Genetics |
| The sum total of genetic material of an organism | Genome |
| The study of an organisms entire genome | Genomic |
| A discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule | Chromosome |
| Basic Informational packets | Genes |
| The sum of all types of genes constituting an organisms distinctive genetic makeup | Genotype |
| The expression of the genotype that creates certain structures or functions | Phenotype |
| Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogeneous based | Basic unit of DNA (nucleotide) |
| Prurines and pyramidines | Nitrogeneous bases |
| One side of the helix runs in the opposite direction of the other: | Antiparallel |
| Synthesizes a new daughter strand of DNA using the parental strands as a template | DNA polymerase III |
| The place in the helix where the strands are unwound and replication is taking place | Replication fork |
| A length of RNA that is inserted initially dieing replication before being replaced by DNA | Primer |
| The stand of new DNA that is synthesized continously in a 5'-3' direction | Leading strand |
| The Strand of new DNA that must be synthesized in short segments | Lagging strand |
| Short segments of DNA synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction which are then sealed together to form 3' to 5' strand | |
| DNA is used to synthesize RNA | Transcription |
| RNA is used to produce proteins | Translation |
| Transports the DNA master code to the ribosome | mRNA |
| Brings amino acids to ribosome dieing translation | tRNA |
| Forms the major part is a ribosome and participate in protein synthesis | rRNA |
| Regulation of gene expression and coiling chromatin | miRNA |
| Sugar is ______ rather than Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| A series of triplet bases that hold the messages of the transcribed mRNA | Codons |
| Contains sequences of bases that for hydrogen with the complementary sections of the same tRNA strand | tRNA |
| Found in the bottom loop of the cloverleaf Designates the specificity of the tRNA and complements the mRNA codon | Anticodon |
| Long polynucleotide molecules Forms complex 3D figure that contributes to the structure and function of ribosomes | RRNA |
| The thing that unwinds or UNZIPS | Helicase |
| How many phosphate groups | 1 |
| How many sugar groups | 1 |
| How many bases | 1 |
| What is the messenger genetic code and how do you do it | The message in mRNA, through codons(groups of 3) |
| A goes to | T |
| U goes to | A |
| G goes to | C |
| DNA will always have the code | T |
| RNA will always have the code | U |
| The second stage of gene expression is what | Translation |
| Another words for proteins | Amino acids |
| Another word for amino acids | Ribosomes |
| What are the three stages of translation | Initiation Elongation Termination |
| The first 3 RNA nucleotides that signal the beginning of the message | Start codon |
| One of the three codons that has no corresponding tRNA and causes translation to be terminated | Stop codon NONSENSE CODON |
| the process of shifting the ribosome down the mRNA strand to read new codons | Translocation |
| Intervening sequences of bases that DON'T code for proteins | Introns |
| Coding regions | Exons |
| Proteins begin to fold up on themselves to achieve their tertiary confirmation even before the peptide chain is released | Posttranslational |
| Found only in bacteria and archaea Coordinated set of genes regulated as a single unit | Operons |
| Put back together An event in which one bacterium donates dBase to another bacterium | Recombination |
| Any organism that contains and expresses genes that originated in another organism TRAITS | recombinant |
| Small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome | Plasmids |
| A mode of genetic exchange in which plasmid or other genetic material is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell via a direct connection | Conjugation |
| The acceptance by a bacterial call of small fragments of solvable DNA from the surrounding environment | Transformation. |
| The process by which bacteriophage serve as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell | Transduction. |
| Any change to the nucleotide sequence in the genome the driving force of evolution | Mutation |
| Small mutations that affect only a single base on a gene Involve addition deletion or substitution of a single base | Point mutilation |
| Changes a normal codon into a stop codon that doesn't code for amino acids | Nonsense mutation |
| Alters a base, but doesn't change the amino acid and has no effect | Silent mutation |
| Occurs when one or more bases are inserted into or deleted from a newly synthesized DNA strand Ex:BIG SENTENCE | Frameshift mutations |
Created by:
CaylahMone
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