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Biology Chap.4.3-4.4
Basic terms for Honors Biology, Grade 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The foundation of the cell membrane where phospholipids line up so that their heads point outward towards the water that surrounds them and their tails point inward, resulting in a double layer | Phospholipid bilayer |
| When a cell is about to divide and the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes | Chromosome |
| The double membrane that the nucleus is surrounded by | Nuclear Envelope |
| The denser area of the nucleus where DNA is concentrated when in the process of making ribosomal RNA | Nucleolus |
| The organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm | Ribosome |
| The tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Mitochondrion |
| Called ER, it is a system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae that functions primarily as the intracellular highway, a path on which molecules move from part of a cell to another | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Another system of flattened, membranous sacs that receive vesicles from the ER containing newly made proteins of lipids | Golgi Apparatus |
| Vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes | Lysosome |
| A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol | Cytoskeleton |
| Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin that consists of two slightly different subunits | Microtubule |
| Finer than microtubules, these long threads of beadlike protection protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of rope | Microfilament |
| Short hair-like structures that extend form the surface of the cell where they assist in movement; these are longer and far less numerous on the cells where they occur | Flagellum |
| Short hair-like structures that extend form the surface of the cell where they assist in movement; these are shorter and present in large numbers on certain cells | Cilium |
| Consist of two short cylinders of microtubes at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope | Centriole |
| The rigid layer that lies on the outside of the cell's plasma membrane | Cell Wall |
| The large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes and other materials | Central Vacuole |
| Organelles that, like mitochondria, are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA (includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts) | Plastid |
| Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water | Chloroplast |
| A system of flattened, membranous sacs | Thylakoid |
| A green pigment within the thylakoids that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell | Chlorophyll |
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EmilyEdwards
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