click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 4 pt.2
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; the main ring of DNA |
nuclear envelope | the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
nucleolus | the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. |
Golgi apparatus | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus. |
cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tube that play an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division. |
microtubule | one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement. |
microfilament | a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement |
cilium | a hair-like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
flagellum | a long, lair-like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
centriole | an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis |
cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
central vacuole | in some protists and in most plant cells, a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials |
plastid | an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; ex. chloroplasts and chromosomes. |
chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. |
thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis. |
chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbs. |