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Chapter 3.2
Chapter 3.2 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| polysaccharide | on of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of sugars |
| protein | an organic compound that is made up of one or more chains of amino acids and that is used to treat diseases such as AIDS |
| amino acid | an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino acid group and that makes up proteins |
| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids |
| enzyme | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destoyed |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| lipid | a large, nonpolar organic molecule, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oil |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans |
| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action |
| nucleic acid | an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and nitrogenous base |
Created by:
CoffeyM20
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