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Ecology
Science 2,22,24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | study of the interactions of organisms with their envrionment |
| Biosphere | composed of living commumites and nonliving physical and chemical factors / global ecosystem/ supports life |
| Autotrophs | plants on land that use photosynthesis and can also be called producers ( also bacteria) |
| Photoautotrophs | capture energy from the sun to make organic compounds through photosynthesis |
| Chemoautotrophs | capture energy from chemicals to make organic compounds through chemosynthesis |
| Heterotrophs | primary consumers, eat autotrophs, cannot make their own food |
| Detritivores and Decomposers | recieve energy from dead matter and wastes |
| Cellular repiration | auto. and hetero. carry out chemical reactions that release chemical energy in organic compounds |
| Food chain | describe eating realationships or transfer of energy in one direction between organisms in an ecosystem |
| Food webs | a network of interconnecting food chains |
| Habitat | where particular organisms live |
| 10% rule | each trophic level reaches ammmount 10% of the energy from the level below it |
| trophic structure | autotrophs, heterotrophs, hervivores, omnivores, carnivores |
| Biomass | the total quantity or mass of organisms in an are or volume |
| predation | a +/- interaction between two species in which one species eats the other |
| niche | a particular combination of resourses that species is adopted to exploit |
| symbiosis | living together in a long-term relationship with significant physical or chemical interactions |
| Mutualism | both species benefit +/+ |
| Parasitism | one organism benefits at the others expense +/- |
| Commensalism | one organism benefits and the other is unaffected +/o |
| Competiiton | larger or stornger organism excludes a smaller or weaker one form living space or deprives it from food |
| Behavior | an organisms conducts or the way it acts. affects the availablity of an individual organism to survive and reproduce |
| Inate behaviors | anything influnced by genes, not based on expeierence |
| Response | an organisms reaction to stimilus |
| Stimiulus | anything that trigers behaivors |
| Learned beheivors | develops as a result of experience |
| Conditioning | one stimulus is associated with another unrelated stimulus |
| Animal Societies | complex social group organized by genetically determined behavior patterns |
| population density | the number of individuals per unit of land or area or water volume |
| productivity | how fast more biomass is added to an ecosystem |
| limiting factors | it determines how quickly biomass is added to an ecosystem and can be biotic or abiotic |
| Expontential growth | growth by multiplying cells and quickly rising and then falling |
| Carrying Capacity | largest popualtion of a species the environment can support and is always in logistic growth |
| Logistic Growth | when the population keeps growing and eventually becomes stable |
| Ecosystem | all the organisms in a community as well as the abiotic environment |
| Succession | one type of communty repalces another |
| Climax Community | complex relationships now exist in the community and it has reached a stable balance |
| Primary Succession | begins on bare rock glacial deposits lake beds |
| Secondary Succession | occurs in a disturbed site where soil is already present lake and abandoned field, forest fire, etc |
| common pool resources | goods and services provided by ecosystems that can be used by everyone |
| Sustainable | means we can continue to use ecosystem goods and services without ruining them for future generations |
| pollution | harming human and animal health, creates acid rain which prevents forest from growing and affects aquatic life |
| biodiversity | the variety of life in a world or particular habitat or ecosystem |
| greenhouse gasses pros | they trap heat in the atmosphere. w/o them the earth would be too cool to sustain life |
| greenhouse gasses cons | there is too much heat increasein our global climate = global warming |
| what are the levels of organization an ecologist can study in order | organism, population, community, ecosystem |
| what makes up a population | all the same organism in a species |
| what makes up a community | different organisms of different species in an ecosystem |
| what makes up an ecosystem | biotic and abiotic factors |
| ways organisms use energy | to car out chemical reactions, move, and transport nutrients to build complex molecules for cells |
| chemical energy vs free energy | free is available for work while chemical energy is formed and stored in organic molecules |
| autotrophs get their energy by | photosynthesis and chemosynthesis |
| how do heterotrophs obtain their energy | from other organisms, heterotrophs are carnivores, herbivores or omnivores. |
| what is a tropic level | organism that share the same function in the food chain and same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy |
| trophic levels in order from bottom to top | producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, Tertiary consumers, Quaternary consumers |
| which tropic level contains the most biomass | produces because they obtain the most energy |
| competitive exclusion principle | states that two spices cannot occupy the same niche in the same ecosystem for a long period of time |
| benefits to an animal society | defense form predators, reproduction, group care of young, diffusion of labor, sharing of useful information |
| dominance hierarchy | where animals in a group have certain individual dominance over others like gorillas or wolves |
| caste system | leadership is determined by body type and genetics like bees and termites |
| biochemical cycle | it cycles the chemicals between organisms and the earth |
| 3 processes that release co2 into the atmosphere | cellular respiration, decomposition, combustion |
| role of photosynthesis in carbon cycle | allows plants to give off o2 which primary consumers use and take co2 out of the atmosphere |
| consequences of climate change | rise in sea levels, damage to coastal cities, agricultural impacts, human health inputs due to air quality |
| renewable vs nonrenewable | can be replenished(solar energy, air) verses things with a limited supply(coal, oil) |
| difference between primary and secondary succession | primary takes longer and primary starts with less resources |
| what happens to nitrogen before animal and plant use | it is fixed through nitrogen fixation caried out usually by bacteria and cyonobacteria |
| water cycle | processes by which water circulates between earth's oceans, land, and atmosphere |
| condensation | the conversion of gas to water |
| plant transpiration | water movement through plant and evaporation from leaves stems and flowers |
| infiltration | water on ground enters the surface soil |
| solar radiation | radiant energy emitted b the sun in electromagnetic energy |
| evaporation | type of vaporization from liquid into gas |
Created by:
emassmann
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